【摘要】：常見的提高地震資料分辨率的方法有反褶積,譜白化,小波變換等,這些方法都是以Robison提出的平穩(wěn)褶積模型作為理論基礎。而在實際地震勘探中,地震子波在地下傳播時,由于介質的非均勻性和非完全彈性等會引起子波能量的衰減,振幅變小,子波長度變長等。就是說地震子波在地下介質傳到的地震記錄也是非平穩(wěn)的。這就使得以平穩(wěn)模型作為理論基礎的提高分辨率的方法處理這些非平穩(wěn)地震記錄往往達不到預期的處理效果。常規(guī)反褶積方法具有很多局限性,往往要求地震子波是最小相位并且是平穩(wěn)的,反射系數(shù)序列為白噪等等。S變換及其擴展(廣義S變換)能夠提供精細的時頻譜,在地震數(shù)據(jù)處理中有著廣泛的應用,如:地震記錄的隨機噪音衰減,面波壓制,衰減參數(shù)提取,地震波初至檢測,提取沉積旋回等。為了適應地震子波的時變特性,本文將常規(guī)褶積模型擴展成時變褶積模型,通過S變換對地震記錄進行時頻分析,估計出震源子波和衰減因子,求取時變子波,在S域進行時變反褶積,較好地適應了地震記錄的時變特性。在S變換域中進行提高分辨率處理,可以補償傳播過程中衰減的地震子波能量,提高資料的分辨率,使得淺中深層的能量相對均衡。模型及實際資料的處理驗證了本文方法的正確性,體現(xiàn)了一定的實用性。
[Abstract]:The common methods to improve the resolution of seismic data are deconvolution spectral whitening wavelet transform and so on. These methods are based on the stationary convolution model proposed by Robison. In the actual seismic exploration, when the seismic wavelet propagates underground, the attenuation of wavelet energy, the decrease of amplitude and the length of wavelet will be caused by the inhomogeneity and incompletely elasticity of the medium. That is to say, the seismic records transmitted by seismic wavelet in underground media are also non-stationary. Therefore, the method of improving the resolution based on stationary model is often unable to achieve the desired processing effect of these non-stationary seismic records. The conventional deconvolution method has many limitations. It is often required that the seismic wavelet is minimal phase and stationary, the reflection coefficient sequence is white noise, etc. The S transform and its extension (generalized S transform) can provide fine time spectrum. It has been widely used in seismic data processing, such as random noise attenuation of seismic records, surface wave suppression, attenuation parameter extraction, seismic wave first arrival detection, extraction of sedimentary cycles and so on. In order to adapt to the time-varying characteristics of seismic wavelet, the conventional convolution model is extended to time-varying convolution model in this paper. The time-frequency analysis of seismic records is carried out through S-transform, the source wavelet and attenuation factor are estimated, and the time-varying wavelet is obtained. The time-varying deconvolution in S domain is well adapted to the time-varying characteristics of seismic records. The improved resolution processing in S transform domain can compensate the attenuation of seismic wavelet energy in the propagation process, improve the resolution of the data, and make the energy of shallow, medium and deep layers relatively balanced. The validity of the method is verified by the processing of the model and the actual data, which reflects the practicability of the method.
【學位授予單位】：中國石油大學(華東)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.4

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