【摘要】：精確約束印度-亞洲初始碰撞時(shí)間對(duì)于認(rèn)識(shí)喜馬拉雅造山過(guò)程、青藏高原隆升機(jī)制及其對(duì)環(huán)境、氣候和生物的效應(yīng)具有重要的意義.本文基于對(duì)西藏雅魯藏布縫合帶兩側(cè)沉積記錄的研究,對(duì)印度-亞洲大陸初始碰撞時(shí)間研究進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和評(píng)述,探討了印度-亞洲大陸初始碰撞的穿時(shí)性,重建了大陸碰撞的沉積演化.在接受以大陸間洋殼消失、陸殼-陸殼初始接觸作為初始碰撞定義的前提下,利用兩種方法:(1)縫合帶附近深水濁積巖物源區(qū)由印度物源向亞洲物源轉(zhuǎn)變的時(shí)間,(2)喜馬拉雅欠充填前陸盆地啟動(dòng)在縫合帶兩側(cè)造成的沉積環(huán)境突變或不整合的時(shí)間,精確限定印度-亞洲大陸初始碰撞時(shí)間為古新世中期((5 9±1)Ma).從喜馬拉雅造山帶來(lái)看,真正的初始碰撞時(shí)間比正常海相沉積結(jié)束要早20~25Ma,而磨拉石出現(xiàn)比初始碰撞要晚30~40Ma.基于特提斯喜馬拉雅古近系沉積記錄,印度-亞洲大陸初始碰撞在喜馬拉雅中部和西部不存在明顯的穿時(shí)性.本文從喜馬拉雅地區(qū)的沉積記錄角度出發(fā),將喜馬拉雅造山作用劃分為四個(gè)階段:(1)始喜馬拉雅初始階段,古新世中期-早始新世(59~52Ma),初始碰撞發(fā)生,同碰撞盆地存在深海環(huán)境,印度大陸一側(cè)發(fā)育碳酸鹽緩坡;(2)始喜馬拉雅早期階段,始新世早-中期(52~41Ma或35Ma),以發(fā)育殘留的淺海沉積為特征,新特提斯海灣自西向東逐漸消亡;(3)始喜馬拉雅晚期階段,始新世末期-漸新世(41~26Ma),整個(gè)喜馬拉雅和藏南地區(qū)缺乏沉積作用;(4)新喜馬拉雅早期階段,漸新世末期-早中新世(2 6~17Ma),喜馬拉雅隆升,陸相磨拉石快速堆積,沿縫合帶東西向發(fā)育雅魯藏布江和印度斯河.
[Abstract]:The precise constraint of the initial collision time between India and Asia is of great significance in understanding the Himalayan orogenic process, the uplift mechanism of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its environmental, climatic and biological effects. Based on the study of sedimentary records on the two sides of the Yalu Tibetan suture belt in Tibet, this paper summarizes and reviews the study of the initial collision time of the Indo-Asian continent, and probes into the transitability of the initial collision between the Indian and Asian continents. The sedimentary evolution of continental collision was reconstructed. Under the assumption that the inter-continental oceanic crust disappears and the initial continental crust-crust contact is taken as the definition of initial collision, two methods are used: (1) the time of the transition from Indian source to Asian source of deep-water turbidite source near the suture zone. (2) the time of abrupt change or unconformity of sedimentary environment caused by the initiation of Himalayan underfilled Foreland basin on both sides of the suture zone, which accurately limits the initial collision time of Indo-Asian continent to the middle Paleocene (5.9 鹵1) Ma). From the Himalayan orogenic belt, the real initial collision time is 20 ~ 25 Ma earlier than the end of the normal marine deposit, while the Molar rock appears 30 ~ 40 Ma. later than the initial collision. Based on the sedimentary records of the Tethys Himalayan Paleogene the initial collision between India and Asia has no obvious transversal time in the central and western Himalayas. The Himalayan orogeny is divided into four stages from the perspective of sedimentary records in the Himalayan region: (1) the initial Himalayan stage, the middle Paleocene to early Eocene (59~52Ma), and the initial collision. There is a deep-sea environment in the syncollision basin and carbonate gentle slope is developed on the Indian continental side. (2) in the early stage of the early Himalayas, the early Eocene period (52~41Ma or 35Ma) was characterized by residual shallow sea deposits, and the NeoTethys Bay gradually disappeared from west to east; (3) the late stage of the early Himalayas, the late Eocene to the Oligocene (41~26Ma), and the lack of sedimentation in the whole Himalayan and southern Tibet regions; (4) in the early stage of the Neo-Himalayas, the late Oligocene to the early Miocene (2 6~17Ma), the Himalayan uplift, the rapid accumulation of continental molars, and the development of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Indian River along the east-west direction of the suture zone.
【作者單位】： 南京大學(xué)內(nèi)生金屬礦床成礦機(jī)制研究國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室南京大學(xué)地球科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院;中國(guó)科學(xué)院地質(zhì)與地球物理研究所;合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院;Department
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金杰出青年基金項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):41525007) 中國(guó)科學(xué)院戰(zhàn)略性先導(dǎo)科技專項(xiàng)(B類)項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):XDB03010400)資助
【分類號(hào)】：P542

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