【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,煤炭作為最主要的能源消費(fèi)品產(chǎn)量持續(xù)增漲,但是煤安生產(chǎn)安全狀況一直不理想,煤礦中發(fā)生的瓦斯爆炸、斷層的導(dǎo)水、嚴(yán)重透水等災(zāi)害,造成的人員傷亡和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失仍是十分驚人。國家相繼出臺了一系列加強(qiáng)煤炭生產(chǎn)安全的相關(guān)法規(guī),加大了對安全生產(chǎn)的投入,一大批新型的工程地球物理技術(shù)被應(yīng)用到了井下的煤炭開采當(dāng)中。為工程地球物理勘探技術(shù)提供了十分廣闊的施展空間。但是,由于煤炭生產(chǎn)安全的重要性以及井下地質(zhì)情況的復(fù)雜加上連續(xù)生產(chǎn)的要求,對煤礦井下的勘探提出了嚴(yán)苛的要求。而目前在井下回采工作面的物探措施相對比較缺乏,物探效果不夠理想。層析成像技術(shù)具有信息量大、分辨率高、形象直觀的優(yōu)點(diǎn),今年來蓬勃發(fā)展,層析成像技術(shù)在醫(yī)學(xué)上已經(jīng)取得的跨時(shí)代的意義,也在科學(xué)技術(shù)各領(lǐng)域推廣應(yīng)用。彈性波CT技術(shù)在石油工業(yè)、土木、水電工程領(lǐng)域經(jīng)過長時(shí)間的嘗試和應(yīng)用已經(jīng)比較成熟。彈性波CT技術(shù)在井下回采工作面中將有較大的應(yīng)用前景。目前國內(nèi)僅進(jìn)行過幾次相關(guān)的井下實(shí)驗(yàn),目前并無一套完整的系統(tǒng)也無相關(guān)專業(yè)軟件。所以采用彈性波透視系統(tǒng)對煤礦回采工作面內(nèi)地質(zhì)異常的預(yù)測預(yù)報(bào)是必要的,對安全生產(chǎn)和提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益都具有十分重大意義。與成熟的醫(yī)學(xué)CT相比,井下回采區(qū)的層析成像條件更加復(fù)雜,投影數(shù)據(jù)大多不完全,探測對象與異常體間的相關(guān)性不夠清楚,以及不適定等困難,造成成像不夠精確,目前亟待開展CT技術(shù)在井下回采區(qū)應(yīng)用中的基礎(chǔ)理論研究。能有助于解決井下回采工作面地質(zhì)異常體的探測,并推動(dòng)彈性波CT技術(shù)在煤炭生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用,為我國能源安全提供支持。彈性波CT技術(shù)主要包括“正演模擬”和“反演”兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。正演是由初始模型計(jì)算射線走時(shí),反演是由實(shí)測走時(shí)計(jì)算模型的各項(xiàng)物理參數(shù)。正演一般都有比較穩(wěn)定的模型和明確的解。而反演往往遇到多解的問題。本文開發(fā)了一套針對煤炭井下回采區(qū)的彈性波CT軟件,應(yīng)用“橢圓約束”算法實(shí)現(xiàn)快速彎曲射線追蹤；應(yīng)用SIRT聯(lián)合迭代和阻尼系數(shù)“自動(dòng)匹配”方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)快速高精度成像。通過數(shù)值模型分析和工程實(shí)例驗(yàn)證了這款軟件的實(shí)際使用效果。并使用軟件正反演功能對影響圖像重建精度的因素做了一些探討。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, the output of coal, as the most important energy consumer product, continues to increase, but the safety situation of coal production safety has not been ideal. The gas explosion in coal mines, the water conductivity of faults, serious water permeability and other disasters have occurred. The casualties and economic losses are still staggering. The state has issued a series of laws and regulations to strengthen the safety of coal production and increased the investment in safety production. A large number of new engineering geophysical techniques have been applied to underground coal mining. It provides a very broad application space for engineering geophysical exploration technology. However, due to the importance of coal production safety, the complexity of underground geological conditions and the requirement of continuous production, strict requirements have been put forward for underground exploration in coal mines. At present, the geophysical prospecting measures in the underground mining face are relatively lacking, and the geophysical exploration effect is not ideal. Tomography technology has the advantages of large amount of information, high resolution and visual image. It has developed vigorously this year. Tomography technology has made cross-epochal significance in medicine, and has also been popularized and applied in various fields of science and technology. Elastic wave CT technology has been used in petroleum industry, civil engineering and hydropower engineering for a long time. Elastic wave CT technology will have a great application prospect in underground mining face. At present, only a few related underground experiments have been carried out in China, and there is no complete system and no related professional software. Therefore, it is necessary to use elastic wave perspective system to predict geological anomalies in coal mining face, which is of great significance for safe production and improving economic benefits. Compared with the mature medical CT, the condition of tomography in underground mining area is more complex, the projection data is incomplete, the correlation between detecting object and abnormal body is not clear enough, and the difficulty of ill-posed, resulting in the imprecision of imaging. At present, it is urgent to develop the basic theory research of CT technology in underground recovery area. It can help to solve the problem of geological anomaly detection in underground mining face, promote the application of elastic wave CT technology in coal production, and provide support for energy security in China. Elastic wave CT technology includes two key techniques: forward modeling and inversion. The forward modeling is to calculate the ray travel time by the initial model, and the inversion is to calculate the physical parameters of the model by the measured travel time. In general, there are more stable models and definite solutions in forward modeling. The inversion often encounters the problem of multiple solutions. In this paper, a set of elastic wave CT software for coal mining area is developed. The fast bending ray tracing is realized by using "elliptical constraint" algorithm, and the fast and high precision imaging is realized by using SIRT combined iteration and damping coefficient "automatic matching" method. Through numerical model analysis and engineering examples, the actual application effect of this software is verified. The factors that affect the accuracy of image reconstruction are discussed by using the function of software forward and inverse.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.4

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