【摘要】：隨著油氣勘探技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)展，勘探重點(diǎn)逐漸由常規(guī)的儲(chǔ)層油氣藏轉(zhuǎn)向了具有復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)的儲(chǔ)層，如致密薄互層，孔隙縫洞儲(chǔ)層等等。這其中致密砂巖薄互層儲(chǔ)層的主要特點(diǎn)是致密且滲透率低，，這類儲(chǔ)層主要分布在鄂爾多斯盆地和松遼盆地。鄂爾多斯盆地北部的致密砂巖區(qū)的勘探關(guān)鍵是儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測(cè)，針對(duì)此類地區(qū)，常規(guī)的儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測(cè)工作的開展往往存在一定的困難，所得出結(jié)論的精確度通常存在進(jìn)一步提高的空間。因此，為了滿足此類復(fù)雜儲(chǔ)層高分辨率儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測(cè)的要求，可以結(jié)合疊前屬性以及與頻率相關(guān)的一些性質(zhì)進(jìn)行儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測(cè)。本文以鄂爾多斯北部的典型致密砂巖薄互層區(qū)塊為研究對(duì)象，進(jìn)行高分辨率儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測(cè)技術(shù)的研究。 本文首先對(duì)靶區(qū)進(jìn)行疊前地震響應(yīng)特征的分析，研究的目的區(qū)塊是具有致密薄互結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜儲(chǔ)層，在調(diào)諧效應(yīng)的影響下，頂?shù)酌娴母鞣N反射P波、S波，以及兩反射面間的多次反射波、復(fù)合反射波等都會(huì)對(duì)研究結(jié)果產(chǎn)生影響,所以不能僅僅依靠常規(guī)的“亮點(diǎn)”來識(shí)別油氣。于是，本文根據(jù)靶區(qū)已探明儲(chǔ)油量井位的測(cè)井曲線以及反演結(jié)果獲得正演模擬所需各項(xiàng)參數(shù)，建立不同儲(chǔ)集條件下的薄層以及薄互層的正演模型，對(duì)其做疊前地震響應(yīng)特征的研究分析。分析結(jié)果顯示：在致密砂巖薄層，尤其是薄互層的儲(chǔ)集條件下，由于受到調(diào)諧效應(yīng)的影響，地震響應(yīng)特征是十分復(fù)雜的，不同于常規(guī)儲(chǔ)層的AVO變化規(guī)律，含氣與非含氣層的地震響應(yīng)特征存在很大差異，但仍存在一定的規(guī)律可循，有助于進(jìn)一步對(duì)儲(chǔ)集類型進(jìn)行識(shí)別。 此外，頻譜分析技術(shù)在一定程度上可以在致密砂巖薄互層的碳?xì)錂z測(cè)中發(fā)揮作用,當(dāng)儲(chǔ)層為薄層或薄互層時(shí)，儲(chǔ)層下方能夠出現(xiàn)低頻陰影，并且當(dāng)頻率逐漸升高時(shí)，低頻陰影會(huì)逐漸消失。利用這一特性對(duì)靶區(qū)疊后數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行頻譜分析，得到不同頻率下的分頻剖面，觀察不同頻率下地震剖面的特征，與已探明井位的結(jié)果作對(duì)比，證實(shí)了利用頻譜分析方法，依賴于含氣層下方“低頻陰影，高頻消失”這一現(xiàn)象可以提高油氣探測(cè)的精度。 本文還討論了頻散屬性在致密砂巖薄互層的儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測(cè)工作中的作用，地震波在傳播過程中遇到含油氣層時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生能量衰減，同時(shí)伴隨著速度以及頻率的變化。因此，當(dāng)?shù)卣鸩ㄋ俣入S頻率規(guī)律性變化時(shí)，會(huì)成為有效的探測(cè)烴類的參數(shù)。為驗(yàn)證其有效性，首先結(jié)合了靶區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)建立了正演模型進(jìn)行了頻散屬性的分析，從理論上證明相對(duì)于不含油氣位置，含油氣位置會(huì)出現(xiàn)頻散屬性的高值異常。又對(duì)靶區(qū)做了頻散屬性的分析，對(duì)比油氣預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果與實(shí)際測(cè)井結(jié)果，驗(yàn)證了頻散屬性可以應(yīng)用于致密砂巖薄互層的儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測(cè)工作中。 所以針對(duì)致密薄互層的特點(diǎn)，加強(qiáng)對(duì)疊前屬性以及頻率相關(guān)的屬性的研究可以提高儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測(cè)的效率及準(zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:With the development of oil and gas exploration technology, the exploration emphasis has gradually shifted from conventional reservoirs to those with complex structures, such as tight thin interbeds, porous and fractured reservoirs, and so on. The main characteristics of tight sandstone thin interbedded reservoirs are compact and low permeability. These reservoirs are mainly distributed in Ordos Basin and Songliao Basin. Reservoir prediction is the key to the exploration of tight sandstone area in the north of Ordos Basin. In such areas, the conventional reservoir prediction work often has some difficulties, and the accuracy of the conclusions usually has room for further improvement. Therefore, in order to meet the requirement of high resolution reservoir prediction in this kind of complex reservoir, the prestack attributes and some properties related to frequency can be combined to predict the reservoir. In this paper, the typical tight sandstone thin interbed blocks in the north of Ordos are taken as the research object, and the high resolution reservoir prediction technology is studied. In this paper, the characteristics of prestack seismic response of target area are analyzed. The target block is a complex reservoir with compact and thin interstructure. Under the influence of tuning effect, all kinds of P wave and S wave are reflected from the top and bottom surface. As well as the multiple reflection between the two reflectors and the composite reflection will have an impact on the results of the study, so we can not only rely on the conventional "bright spot" to identify oil and gas. Therefore, according to the log curves and inversion results of the proven reservoir location in the target area, the parameters required for forward modeling are obtained, and the forward modeling of thin layers and thin interbeds under different reservoir conditions is established. The characteristics of prestack seismic response are studied and analyzed. The results show that under the condition of tight sandstone thin layer, especially thin interbed reservoir, the seismic response characteristics are very complicated due to the influence of tuning effect, which is different from the AVO variation law of conventional reservoir. The seismic response characteristics of gas-bearing and non-gas-bearing reservoirs are very different, but there are still some rules to be followed, which is helpful for further identification of reservoir types. In addition, spectrum analysis can play a role in hydrocarbon detection of thin interbedded tight sandstone to some extent. When the reservoir is thin or thin interbedded, the low frequency shadow can appear under the reservoir, and when the frequency increases gradually, The low-frequency shadows will fade away. By using this characteristic, the spectrum analysis of post-stack data of target area is carried out, and the frequency division profiles are obtained at different frequencies. The characteristics of seismic profiles at different frequencies are observed and compared with the results of proven well locations. The method of spectrum analysis is confirmed. Depending on the phenomenon of "low frequency shadow and high frequency vanishing" under the gas bearing formation, the accuracy of oil and gas detection can be improved. This paper also discusses the role of dispersion attributes in the prediction of tight sandstone thin interbedded reservoirs. The energy decay occurs when seismic waves encounter oil-bearing gas reservoirs in the process of seismic wave propagation, which is accompanied by changes in velocity and frequency. Therefore, when the velocity of seismic wave changes regularly with frequency, it becomes an effective parameter for hydrocarbon detection. In order to verify its validity, a forward model is established to analyze the dispersion attributes. It is theoretically proved that the high value anomalies of the dispersion properties occur in the locations containing oil and gas compared with the locations without oil and gas. The dispersion attributes of the target area are analyzed and compared with the actual well logging results. The results show that the dispersion attribute can be applied to the prediction of tight sandstone thin interbed reservoirs. Therefore, according to the characteristics of dense and thin interbeds, the study of prestack attributes and frequency-related attributes can improve the efficiency and accuracy of reservoir prediction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P631.4;P618.13

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號(hào)：2365550