【摘要】：文化遺址的保護(hù)關(guān)系到中華文明的傳承。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)文化遺址的保護(hù)呈多角度,多層次,較迅速地發(fā)展。潮濕環(huán)境下文化遺址的保護(hù)也有著較為深入的發(fā)展。然而用防雨棚遮擋,筑壩攔截以及集水明排法、截水法等用于地表水或地下水的控制還都有著各自明顯的缺陷與不足,并且一些方法在滲透系數(shù)很小的粘性土地區(qū)完全不能達(dá)到預(yù)設(shè)目的。而潮濕環(huán)境水位較高的地下水滲入正是文化遺址病害的關(guān)鍵,也是針對(duì)這個(gè)難題,本研究依據(jù)潮濕環(huán)境中土壤滲透系數(shù)很小、導(dǎo)水性能差、不易排出的特點(diǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)了潮濕環(huán)境中文化遺址地下水控制新技術(shù)。本文首先縱覽了國(guó)內(nèi)外應(yīng)對(duì)潮濕環(huán)境中文化遺址水環(huán)境問(wèn)題的技術(shù)方法,分析了其應(yīng)對(duì)遺址水環(huán)境問(wèn)題的優(yōu)點(diǎn)與不足。并對(duì)如何克服這些技術(shù)方法的缺點(diǎn)而做出技術(shù)設(shè)想,為探求新的地下水控制技術(shù)總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。其次,對(duì)潮濕環(huán)境的氣候特征進(jìn)行分析,根據(jù)相對(duì)濕度、降水量及潮濕系數(shù)三個(gè)指標(biāo)來(lái)對(duì)我國(guó)潮濕環(huán)境進(jìn)行了區(qū)域劃分。得出我國(guó)南方地區(qū)及東北部分地區(qū)屬于潮濕環(huán)境區(qū)域的判定。并對(duì)潮濕環(huán)境范圍中的文化遺址地下水病害進(jìn)行發(fā)現(xiàn)分析。根據(jù)環(huán)境適宜原則以及實(shí)用性原則,本研究選擇杭州市作為潮濕環(huán)境模擬考古現(xiàn)場(chǎng)地下水控制技術(shù)研究的試驗(yàn)區(qū)。再次,進(jìn)行潮濕環(huán)境模擬考古現(xiàn)場(chǎng)地下水控制新技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì),即完成填砂排水溝與集水井相結(jié)合技術(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)與施工。該技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵在于兩點(diǎn),其一,地下水導(dǎo)排水體系的布置結(jié)構(gòu)：在地下水控制區(qū)域周圍留有隔墻,而在隔墻外圍修筑封閉的布置有抽水井的填砂排水溝；其二,封閉填砂排水溝的組成結(jié)構(gòu)：封閉導(dǎo)水排水溝內(nèi)填充一定厚度的,壓實(shí)的含礫粗砂,并在砂石料上部恢復(fù)原始地貌。最后,通過(guò)填砂排水溝設(shè)置前后兩次抽水與水位恢復(fù)試驗(yàn)對(duì)比,模擬考古探坑周圍土壤滲透系數(shù)由3.597×10-7m/s增大至1.542×10-5m/s。同時(shí)進(jìn)行原狀土滲水試驗(yàn)、填砂排水溝滲水試驗(yàn)的輔助驗(yàn)證,并長(zhǎng)期對(duì)擬考古現(xiàn)場(chǎng)地下水控制效果進(jìn)行的監(jiān)測(cè)觀察。這些試驗(yàn)從實(shí)踐及理論上證實(shí)了本研究所設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)方法大幅度增加了局部土壤的滲透系數(shù),使其具有良好的導(dǎo)水排水性能。也證明了該地下水水位控制技術(shù)的科學(xué)性與有效性。
[Abstract]:The protection of cultural sites is related to the inheritance of Chinese civilization. At present, the protection of cultural sites at home and abroad is multi-angle, multi-level, relatively rapid development. The protection of cultural sites in humid environment also has a more in-depth development. However, the control of surface water or groundwater by means of shelter, damming interception, water harvesting and drainage, etc., also has its own obvious defects and shortcomings. And some methods can not achieve the preset goal in the viscous soil where the permeability coefficient is very small. The infiltration of groundwater with high water level in humid environment is the key to the disease of cultural sites, and it is also a difficult problem. This study is based on the fact that the permeability coefficient of soil is very small and the water conductivity is poor in humid environment. A new technique of groundwater control for cultural sites in humid environment has been developed because it is difficult to discharge. In this paper, the technical methods to deal with the problem of water environment of cultural sites in humid environment at home and abroad are reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of dealing with the problems of water environment of cultural sites are analyzed in this paper. And how to overcome the shortcomings of these technical methods to make a technical assumption for the exploration of new groundwater control technology summarized experience. Secondly, the climatic characteristics of humid environment are analyzed, and the humid environment in China is divided according to three indexes: relative humidity, precipitation and humidity coefficient. It is concluded that the southern part of China and parts of Northeast China belong to the humid environment. The groundwater diseases of cultural sites in moist environment were found and analyzed. According to the principle of environmental suitability and practicability, Hangzhou was selected as the experimental area for the study of groundwater control technology in simulated archaeological site of wet environment. Thirdly, the design of the new technology of groundwater control in the wet environment simulation archaeological site is carried out, that is, the design and construction of the combined technology of sand filling drainage ditch and collecting well. The key of this technology lies in two points: first, the layout structure of groundwater conductivity and drainage system: there is a partition wall around the groundwater control area, and a closed sand drain with a pumping well arrangement on the periphery of the partition wall; Secondly, the composition structure of the sealant sand drainage ditch: the closed water diversion drain is filled with a certain thickness, compacted gravel coarse sand, and the original landform is restored in the upper part of the sand and stone. Finally, the soil permeability coefficient around the simulated archaeological pit was increased from 3.597 脳 10-7m/s to 1.542 脳 10 ~ (-5) m / s by comparing the two tests of pumping and water level recovery before and after the setting of the draining ditch. At the same time, the seepage test of the undisturbed soil and the auxiliary verification of the seepage test in the draining ditch were carried out, and the monitoring and observation of the groundwater control effect in the pseudo archaeological site were carried out for a long time. It is proved in practice and theory that the design method of this research has greatly increased the permeability coefficient of local soil and made it have good water conductivity and drainage performance. It is also proved that the groundwater level control technology is scientific and effective.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P641;TU-87

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本文編號(hào)：2311817