呼倫貝爾高平原區(qū)潛水脆弱性評價研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-04 15:12
【摘要】：呼倫貝爾高平原區(qū)位于蒙古高原草原區(qū)東側(cè),2012年呼倫貝爾行政區(qū)地下水資源總量為75億m3左右,人均占有量約為2900 m3,可知當?shù)仉m然地下水資源人均占有量比較豐富,但由于該區(qū)工礦企業(yè)和農(nóng)牧業(yè)比較發(fā)達,且地下水布局不合理,分布不均,加之人們對地下水開發(fā)利用不盡合理,化肥、農(nóng)藥、生活垃圾、工業(yè)污水排放量增加,環(huán)境比較脆弱,地下水易受污染,對該區(qū)地下水脆弱性進行評價研究,加強水功能區(qū)劃,可以為地下水資源的保護和可持續(xù)開發(fā)利用提供科學依據(jù)。論文依托于中國水科院水資源研究所科技基礎(chǔ)工作專項項目“地下水脆弱性評價導(dǎo)則研究(2012FY130400)”,根據(jù)研究區(qū)的水文地質(zhì)條件以及所獲取數(shù)據(jù)資料的實際情況,選取地下水位埋深、含水層凈補給量、含水層介質(zhì)、土壤介質(zhì)類型、含水層富水性、土地利用類型和地下水開采強度這7個影響潛水脆弱性的評價指標,將參數(shù)系統(tǒng)法中應(yīng)用最廣泛的DRASTIC模型加以改進,建立研究區(qū)本質(zhì)脆弱性DRASC和特殊脆弱性DRASCLM評價模型。本文結(jié)合國內(nèi)外學者在地下水脆弱性評價的研究成果對評價指標進行了等級劃分和賦值,應(yīng)用層次分析法(AHP)確定指標權(quán)重值,基于Arc GIS10.0平臺的空間數(shù)據(jù)管理和分析功能對評價指標進行處理,最后生成研究區(qū)單指標分區(qū)圖以及本質(zhì)脆弱性和特殊脆弱性分區(qū)圖,通過對比分析對呼倫貝爾高平原區(qū)潛水脆弱性進行了評價研究。評價結(jié)果表明,潛水脆弱性整體上處于較低水平,地下水防污性能良好,較高脆弱性及高脆弱性地區(qū)主要分布在研究區(qū)東北大部分地區(qū)、滿洲里市東部分地區(qū)、海拉爾河中下游一帶和伊敏河中下游一帶,分布面積為0.69萬km2,僅占研究區(qū)總面積的18.55%,土地利用類型和地下水開采強度等人類活動因素對研究區(qū)潛水脆弱性影響比較明顯;水質(zhì)驗證結(jié)果反映了硝酸鹽濃度值超標的地區(qū)對應(yīng)的潛水脆弱性也比較高,且潛水特殊脆弱性分區(qū)結(jié)果比較符合研究區(qū)潛水脆弱性分區(qū)的實際特征;通過評價指標的敏感性分析,表明地下水位埋深對研究區(qū)潛水脆弱性最為重要,其次為地下水開采強度和土地利用類型,不存在敏感性比較低的評價指標,指標選取較為合理;最后制定了研究區(qū)地下水資源規(guī)劃保護建議和污染防治對策。
[Abstract]:The Hulunbeir High Plain is located on the eastern side of the Mongolian Plateau grassland. In 2012, the total amount of groundwater resources in Hulunbeir district was about 7.5 billion m3, and the per capita possession was about 2900 m3. It can be seen that although the per capita possession of groundwater resources is relatively rich, However, because the industrial and mining enterprises and agriculture and animal husbandry in this area are relatively developed, and the distribution of groundwater is unreasonable and uneven, in addition to the unreasonable development and utilization of groundwater, the discharge of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, domestic refuse and industrial sewage has increased. The environment is fragile and groundwater is easy to be polluted. The evaluation and study of groundwater vulnerability in this area and the strengthening of water function zoning can provide scientific basis for the protection and sustainable development and utilization of groundwater resources. The paper is based on the research on the guidelines for groundwater vulnerability assessment (2012FY130400), a special project of the Institute of Water Resources Research of the Chinese Academy of Water Sciences, according to the hydrogeological conditions of the study area and the actual situation of the obtained data. The evaluation indexes of groundwater table depth, aquifer net recharge, aquifer medium, soil medium type, aquifer rich water content, land use type and groundwater exploitation intensity are selected. The most widely used DRASTIC model in the parametric system method is improved to establish the intrinsic vulnerability DRASC and special vulnerability DRASCLM evaluation model of the study area. Combined with the research results of domestic and foreign scholars in groundwater vulnerability assessment, the evaluation index is classified and assigned, and the weight value of the index is determined by using the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) (AHP). Based on the spatial data management and analysis function of Arc GIS10.0 platform, the evaluation index is processed. Finally, the single index partition map of the research area and the essential vulnerability and special vulnerability partition map are generated. The vulnerability of diving in Hulunbeir high plain was evaluated by comparative analysis. The results show that the groundwater vulnerability is at a lower level and the groundwater pollution prevention performance is good. The areas with high vulnerability and high vulnerability are mainly distributed in most parts of the northeast of the study area and the eastern part of Manzhouli city. In the middle and lower reaches of the Herald River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yimin River, the distribution area of 6900 km2, is only 18.55% of the total area of the study area. The effects of human activities such as land use type and groundwater exploitation intensity on the vulnerability of phreatic water in the study area were obvious. The results of water quality verification showed that the area with excessive nitrate concentration had higher phreatic vulnerability, and the subdivision results of special vulnerability of diving were in accordance with the actual characteristics of the subzone of diving vulnerability in the study area. The sensitivity analysis of the evaluation index shows that the groundwater table depth is the most important to the vulnerability of groundwater in the study area, followed by the groundwater exploitation intensity and land use type, there is no evaluation index with low sensitivity, and the selection of the index is more reasonable. Finally, suggestions for groundwater resources planning, protection and pollution prevention and control in the study area are made.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P641.8
本文編號：2310220
[Abstract]:The Hulunbeir High Plain is located on the eastern side of the Mongolian Plateau grassland. In 2012, the total amount of groundwater resources in Hulunbeir district was about 7.5 billion m3, and the per capita possession was about 2900 m3. It can be seen that although the per capita possession of groundwater resources is relatively rich, However, because the industrial and mining enterprises and agriculture and animal husbandry in this area are relatively developed, and the distribution of groundwater is unreasonable and uneven, in addition to the unreasonable development and utilization of groundwater, the discharge of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, domestic refuse and industrial sewage has increased. The environment is fragile and groundwater is easy to be polluted. The evaluation and study of groundwater vulnerability in this area and the strengthening of water function zoning can provide scientific basis for the protection and sustainable development and utilization of groundwater resources. The paper is based on the research on the guidelines for groundwater vulnerability assessment (2012FY130400), a special project of the Institute of Water Resources Research of the Chinese Academy of Water Sciences, according to the hydrogeological conditions of the study area and the actual situation of the obtained data. The evaluation indexes of groundwater table depth, aquifer net recharge, aquifer medium, soil medium type, aquifer rich water content, land use type and groundwater exploitation intensity are selected. The most widely used DRASTIC model in the parametric system method is improved to establish the intrinsic vulnerability DRASC and special vulnerability DRASCLM evaluation model of the study area. Combined with the research results of domestic and foreign scholars in groundwater vulnerability assessment, the evaluation index is classified and assigned, and the weight value of the index is determined by using the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) (AHP). Based on the spatial data management and analysis function of Arc GIS10.0 platform, the evaluation index is processed. Finally, the single index partition map of the research area and the essential vulnerability and special vulnerability partition map are generated. The vulnerability of diving in Hulunbeir high plain was evaluated by comparative analysis. The results show that the groundwater vulnerability is at a lower level and the groundwater pollution prevention performance is good. The areas with high vulnerability and high vulnerability are mainly distributed in most parts of the northeast of the study area and the eastern part of Manzhouli city. In the middle and lower reaches of the Herald River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yimin River, the distribution area of 6900 km2, is only 18.55% of the total area of the study area. The effects of human activities such as land use type and groundwater exploitation intensity on the vulnerability of phreatic water in the study area were obvious. The results of water quality verification showed that the area with excessive nitrate concentration had higher phreatic vulnerability, and the subdivision results of special vulnerability of diving were in accordance with the actual characteristics of the subzone of diving vulnerability in the study area. The sensitivity analysis of the evaluation index shows that the groundwater table depth is the most important to the vulnerability of groundwater in the study area, followed by the groundwater exploitation intensity and land use type, there is no evaluation index with low sensitivity, and the selection of the index is more reasonable. Finally, suggestions for groundwater resources planning, protection and pollution prevention and control in the study area are made.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P641.8
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相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條
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，本文編號：2310220
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