中國的傷齒龍類恐龍化石
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-01 21:23
【摘要】：傷齒龍類是手盜龍類中較為獨特的一支,時代從中侏羅世到晚白堊世,主要分布于亞洲(東部和中部)以及北美地區(qū)。本文基于前人的研究成果,結合新標本,對中國傷齒龍類的系統(tǒng)分類、骨骼形態(tài)、骨組織、系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關系和古生物地理等方面進行了全面深入的評估與探討。對已正式發(fā)表的中國傷齒龍類恐龍進行概括并通過詳盡的骨骼形態(tài)學對比,分別對這些屬種的鑒定特征進行了修訂與補充,對每個分類群的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究做了簡要回顧。根據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)于中國遼寧早白堊世義縣組的兩件保存完好的傷齒龍類新標本,描述并命名為遼寧大連龍(Daliansaurus liaoningensis gen.et sp.nov.)和柯氏遼寧獵龍(Liaoningvenator currieigen.etsp.nov.)。利用支序系統(tǒng)學對這兩個屬種分別進行了分析,初步結果顯示,遼寧大連龍與巨齒曲鼻龍(Sinusonasus magnodens)構成姊妹群關系;柯氏遼寧獵龍與短羽始中國羽龍(Eosinopteryx brevipenna)互為姊妹群。對描述的新標本——遼寧大連龍和柯氏遼寧獵龍進行了骨組織學微觀結構研究。首次在傷齒龍類中(或近鳥類中)使用高分辨率同步加速顯微斷層成像技術進行研究。根據(jù)其骨組織顯微結構特點,我們認為遼寧大連龍已達到穩(wěn)定生長階段,死亡時年齡至少約4-5歲。對柯氏遼寧獵龍的骨組織學分析發(fā)現(xiàn),個體在早期發(fā)育階段生長迅速。但在由第2區(qū)過渡到第3區(qū)期間(本文中設定的分區(qū)),生長模式呈指數(shù)式下降,這可能與達到性成熟或出現(xiàn)較差的生理條件有關。根據(jù)骨組織研究結果,推測遼寧獵龍死亡時至少4歲。本文系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析選取虛骨龍類157個分類單元,853個特征,首次包括了所有中國傷齒龍類14屬14種(包括本文的兩個新屬,新種)。建立并命名2個新亞科:中國獵龍亞科Sinovenatorinaesubfamilynov.,包括龍寐(Meilong)、張氏中國獵龍(Sinovenator changii)、巨齒曲鼻龍(Sinusonasus magnodens)和遼寧大連龍(Daliansaurus liaoningensis);近鳥龍亞科 Anchiorninae subfamily nov.,包括赫氏近鳥龍(Anchiornis huxleyi)、鄭氏曉廷龍(Xiaotingia zhengi)、短羽始中國羽龍(Eosinopteryx brevipenna)和徐氏曙光鳥(Aurornisx xui)。最后,本文探討了傷齒龍類恐龍的生活習性和古地理分布,提出北美侏羅紀發(fā)現(xiàn)的傷齒龍類可能與中國傷齒龍類的遷移擴散有關,此次擴散可能是通過連接少部分東亞和勞亞大陸的陸橋完成。晚白堊世隨著大陸板塊之間動物群交流增加,擴散可能更為廣泛,這次擴散可能與泛大陸的裂解最終導致蒙古—鄂霍茨克海的關閉有關。
[Abstract]:The phyllosaurus is a unique branch of the Archaeopteris, which was mainly distributed in Asia (eastern and central) and North America from the Middle Jurassic to the late Cretaceous. Based on the previous research results and new specimens, the systematic classification, bone morphology, bone tissue, phylogenetic relationship and palaeogeography of the Dendrosaurus in China were evaluated and discussed in this paper. In this paper, the authors summarized the published Chinese Dentosaurus dinosaurs and compared their skeletal morphology in detail. The identification characteristics of these genera and species were revised and supplemented respectively, and the phylogenetic studies of each taxa were reviewed briefly. Based on the discovery of two well-preserved new specimens from Yixian formation of early Cretaceous in Liaoning Province, China, this paper describes and names Dalian Dragon, Liaoning Province, as (Daliansaurus liaoningensis gen.et sp.nov.. And Koch's Liaoning Dragonhunting (Liaoningvenator currieigen.etsp.nov.). The two genera and species were analyzed by the branch phylogeny. The preliminary results showed that the relationship between Dalian Dragon and (Sinusonasus magnodens) was a sister group, while the two species (Eosinopteryx brevipenna) were sister groups. The bone histology and microstructure of the new specimens, Dalian dragon and Koch's Liaoning hunting dragon, were studied in this paper. It is the first time that high resolution synchronous accelerated microscopic tomography (HSPM) has been used in the study of Dendrosaurus (or near birds). According to the microstructure of the bone tissue, we think that Dalian dragon in Liaoning Province has reached a stable growth stage, and the age of death is at least 4-5 years old. The bone histology analysis of Liaoning Province showed that the individual grew rapidly at the early stage of development. However, during the transition from region 2 to region 3, the growth pattern decreased exponentially, which may be related to the attainment of sexual maturity or poor physiological conditions. According to the results of bone tissue studies, it is speculated that Liaoning dragon was at least 4 years old when it died. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, 157 taxonomic units and 853 characteristics were selected. For the first time, 14 genera and 14 species (including two new genera and new species) were included in the phylogenetic analysis. Two new subfamilies were established and named: Sinovenator subfamily Sinovenatorinaesubfamilynov., including Longmei (Meilong), Sinovenator (Sinovenator changii), (Sinusonasus magnodens) and Dalian Dragon (Daliansaurus liaoningensis);, Liaoning Province. The subfamily Anchiorninae subfamily nov., includes (Anchiornis huxleyi), (Anchiornis huxleyi), of Hershniosaurus, Zheng Shixiaolong, (Xiaotingia zhengi), short feathering, and (Aurornisx xui)., a Chinese feathering dragon, and (Aurornisx xui)., Xu's dawning bird. Finally, this paper discusses the life habits and paleogeographic distribution of Dendrosaurus, and points out that the discovery of Echinosaurus in Jurassic in North America may be related to the migration and diffusion of Echinosaurus in China. The spread may have been carried out by a bridge connecting a small part of East Asia to the continent of Laoya. In the late Cretaceous, with the increase of the exchange of fauna between the continental plates, the diffusion may be more extensive, and this diffusion may be related to the closure of the Mongolia-Okhotsk Sea resulting from the disintegration of the pan-continent.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質科學院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q915
本文編號：2305134
[Abstract]:The phyllosaurus is a unique branch of the Archaeopteris, which was mainly distributed in Asia (eastern and central) and North America from the Middle Jurassic to the late Cretaceous. Based on the previous research results and new specimens, the systematic classification, bone morphology, bone tissue, phylogenetic relationship and palaeogeography of the Dendrosaurus in China were evaluated and discussed in this paper. In this paper, the authors summarized the published Chinese Dentosaurus dinosaurs and compared their skeletal morphology in detail. The identification characteristics of these genera and species were revised and supplemented respectively, and the phylogenetic studies of each taxa were reviewed briefly. Based on the discovery of two well-preserved new specimens from Yixian formation of early Cretaceous in Liaoning Province, China, this paper describes and names Dalian Dragon, Liaoning Province, as (Daliansaurus liaoningensis gen.et sp.nov.. And Koch's Liaoning Dragonhunting (Liaoningvenator currieigen.etsp.nov.). The two genera and species were analyzed by the branch phylogeny. The preliminary results showed that the relationship between Dalian Dragon and (Sinusonasus magnodens) was a sister group, while the two species (Eosinopteryx brevipenna) were sister groups. The bone histology and microstructure of the new specimens, Dalian dragon and Koch's Liaoning hunting dragon, were studied in this paper. It is the first time that high resolution synchronous accelerated microscopic tomography (HSPM) has been used in the study of Dendrosaurus (or near birds). According to the microstructure of the bone tissue, we think that Dalian dragon in Liaoning Province has reached a stable growth stage, and the age of death is at least 4-5 years old. The bone histology analysis of Liaoning Province showed that the individual grew rapidly at the early stage of development. However, during the transition from region 2 to region 3, the growth pattern decreased exponentially, which may be related to the attainment of sexual maturity or poor physiological conditions. According to the results of bone tissue studies, it is speculated that Liaoning dragon was at least 4 years old when it died. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, 157 taxonomic units and 853 characteristics were selected. For the first time, 14 genera and 14 species (including two new genera and new species) were included in the phylogenetic analysis. Two new subfamilies were established and named: Sinovenator subfamily Sinovenatorinaesubfamilynov., including Longmei (Meilong), Sinovenator (Sinovenator changii), (Sinusonasus magnodens) and Dalian Dragon (Daliansaurus liaoningensis);, Liaoning Province. The subfamily Anchiorninae subfamily nov., includes (Anchiornis huxleyi), (Anchiornis huxleyi), of Hershniosaurus, Zheng Shixiaolong, (Xiaotingia zhengi), short feathering, and (Aurornisx xui)., a Chinese feathering dragon, and (Aurornisx xui)., Xu's dawning bird. Finally, this paper discusses the life habits and paleogeographic distribution of Dendrosaurus, and points out that the discovery of Echinosaurus in Jurassic in North America may be related to the migration and diffusion of Echinosaurus in China. The spread may have been carried out by a bridge connecting a small part of East Asia to the continent of Laoya. In the late Cretaceous, with the increase of the exchange of fauna between the continental plates, the diffusion may be more extensive, and this diffusion may be related to the closure of the Mongolia-Okhotsk Sea resulting from the disintegration of the pan-continent.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質科學院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q915
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