基于Q補償?shù)酿椊橘|(zhì)逆時偏移成像研究
[Abstract]:Migration imaging is a key link in seismic exploration. Reverse-time migration imaging technology can adapt to complex velocity model and its imaging results are more accurate. It has become one of the hot topics in seismic exploration. Viscoelastic model can more accurately characterize the seismic wave propagation process in actual underground media, and reverse-time migration method considering the absorption and attenuation law of viscoelastic media and wave field propagation characteristics can guide. Seismic exploration data processing and interpretation help to solve the complex problems faced by oil and gas exploration and improve exploration accuracy. Based on this paper, the inverse time migration imaging of viscoelastic media based on Q compensation is studied. The attenuation effect of viscoelastic media is processed in the process of inverse time migration wave field continuation, and the attenuation and phase distortion are corrected accurately. The main research contents and achievements are as follows: 1) Based on the more accurate constant Q viscoelastic model in seismic exploration frequency band, the wave equation of fractional order time-derivative viscoelastic medium is deduced, and the fractional order time-derivative is converted to spatial derivative by Laplace operator, and the pseudospectral constant Q is obtained. The forward numerical simulation of wave equation in viscoelastic media using pseudo-spectral method is realized by using Laplace fractional wave field continuation operator in the model.The viscoelastic wave equation based on constant Q model can simulate the attenuation of phase delay amplitude in seismic viscoelastic media and the migration of seismic records affected by strong viscoelastic attenuation. The problem of multi-component wavefield mixing and weak attenuated signal of effective reflection wave is existed. 2) The elastic wave inverse migration imaging method is studied to deal with the problem of multi-component wavefield mixing of viscoelastic seismic data. In low-frequency noise, an elastic wave inverse migration method based on first-order velocity-stress energy norm imaging condition is developed, and the intermediate strain component is introduced. A new method for updating the wave field components of first-order velocity-stress equation inverse migration based on energy norm imaging condition is developed. High-resolution elastic wave inverse migration results. 3) The idea of constructing wave field continuation operator for compensating viscoelastic inverse migration is developed in this paper. The wave equation of viscoelastic medium decoupled by phase and amplitude attenuation is modified, and the phase-amplitude variation wave-like field continuation operator is reconstructed. The reconstructed phase-corrected wave field continuation process of viscoelastic operator can be independent. The phase delay correction and amplitude attenuation compensation operators can be combined to form a flexible viscoelastic wave field continuation technique sequence. 4) A Q-compensated viscoelastic inverse time migration framework is proposed to solve the problem. Viscoelastic seismic migration requires correction of phase amplitude.A compensated viscoelastic inverse-time migration method is developed.A strategy of compensating viscoelastic inverse-time migration based on mutual imaging conditions and source normalization imaging conditions is proposed.The phase attenuation amplitude wave field viscoelastic operator is used for mutual imaging conditions and source normalization imaging conditions are used only. The phase delay and phase delay amplitude attenuation viscoelastic operator are used to compensate viscoelastic inverse time migration imaging algorithm, and the compensation viscoelastic inverse time migration technique for P-S wave field separation is developed. The main innovations in this paper are as follows: 1) An energy norm imaging conditional elastic wave inverse migration method for the first-order velocity-stress equation is developed, which can suppress the low-frequency noise effectively during the inverse migration of elastic wave and obtain better imaging effect. 2) The wave field continuation operator for the viscoelastic wave equation with phase and amplitude variations is constructed. The constructed operator can be used independently to compensate for the decoupling correction of phase and amplitude in forward and backward propagation wave field continuation of viscoelastic inverse time migration. The problem that ordinary wave field continuation operators are difficult to compensate for phase and amplitude in viscoelastic wave field is solved. The multi-component complexity and viscous attenuation effect of viscoelastic wave field can correct and compensate the phase and amplitude of seismic wave accurately in the process of wave field continuation, reduce the influence of inaccurate migration result caused by the attenuation effect of viscoelastic medium, and obtain higher resolution migration result.
【學位授予單位】:中國地質(zhì)大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:P631.4
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