【摘要】：漠河盆地位于我國(guó)最北端，其與俄羅斯境內(nèi)的烏舒蒙盆地相連為一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的盆地，其北為“蒙-鄂造山帶”。研究漠河盆地的沉積體系和構(gòu)造背景,并將漠河盆地成因機(jī)制與“蒙-鄂造山帶”聯(lián)系起來(lái),將為“蒙-鄂帶”造山過程甚至重建中生代東亞匯聚提供依據(jù)，且對(duì)盆地油氣的進(jìn)一步勘探有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。 通過分析該區(qū)地球物理物性樣品數(shù)據(jù)的分析得出，該區(qū)主要存在三個(gè)主要的密度物性界面，四個(gè)密度層；兩個(gè)主要的磁性物性界，三個(gè)磁性層。該區(qū)重磁異常以近北西向異常為主，存在兩個(gè)近北西向重力高值異常區(qū)，且東北部重力高值異常更加明顯，自西向東表現(xiàn)出低-高-低-高的特點(diǎn)；五個(gè)磁力異常區(qū)（兩個(gè)強(qiáng)磁異常區(qū)，三個(gè)弱磁異常區(qū)），北西部北西向高值異常表現(xiàn)明顯，總體表現(xiàn)出西高東低的特點(diǎn)。 綜合分析重磁、野外地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象及地震資料，識(shí)別出斷裂共75條，其中I級(jí)斷裂11條，II級(jí)斷裂11條，III級(jí)斷裂53條；近EW向斷裂20條NE、NEE向斷裂25條，NW、NWW向斷裂23條，近SN向斷裂7條。其中近EW走向斷裂既有逆斷裂，也有正斷裂。其中逆斷裂形成于晚侏羅紀(jì)。NE、NW、 SN向斷裂多為正斷層，主要形成于早白堊紀(jì)。且近EW向及個(gè)別近NE向、NW向的控盆斷裂活動(dòng)性最強(qiáng)。 根據(jù)重磁資料解釋，將漠河盆地劃分為六個(gè)一級(jí)構(gòu)造單元（兩隆四拗）、十二個(gè)二級(jí)構(gòu)造單元（6凹6凸），總體表現(xiàn)出西部地區(qū)相對(duì)較深，一般為3000m，東部地區(qū)略淺，一般為2500m，最深部位于盆地中部的長(zhǎng)纓地區(qū)，達(dá)9000m。受近東西向的斷裂控制，盆地的主體凹陷呈東西向。后期的北東-北北東向斷裂對(duì)原來(lái)的近東西向構(gòu)造造成了破壞和改造，并在其上疊加了北東-北北東向的斷陷。 綜合測(cè)井、巖心觀察及野外地質(zhì)剖面，共識(shí)別出該區(qū)主要發(fā)育三種沉積相（沖積扇相、扇三角洲相及湖泊相），盆地總體表現(xiàn)出北部水體較深向南逐漸變淺，由北向南沉積相表現(xiàn)出半深湖-濱淺湖-前扇三角洲-扇三角洲前緣-扇三角洲平原-沖積扇相的規(guī)律。從秀峰組到二十二站組為正旋回，底部發(fā)育礫巖；二十二站組到額木爾河組為反旋回，頂部發(fā)育礫巖,表現(xiàn)出擠壓性盆地的沉積特征。漠河盆地晚侏系紀(jì)整體上表現(xiàn)為，下部為一段的正旋回，上部為一大段的反旋回。而早白堊系整體上表現(xiàn)為，下部（塔木蘭溝組）為一段的正旋回，上部（伊列克得組）為反旋回。漠河盆地靠近“蒙古-鄂造山帶”一側(cè)沉積相隨鄂霍茨克縫合帶走向展布，且由于鄂霍茨克海關(guān)閉的擠壓作用，盆地的沉積中心存在向南遷移的現(xiàn)象。 通過對(duì)該區(qū)28個(gè)磷灰石裂變徑跡年齡的研究得出，樣品年齡主要分布在137-110Ma、218-164Ma、326-299Ma三個(gè)區(qū)段中，漠河盆地基底在三疊紀(jì)-早中侏羅紀(jì)快速隆升，在晚侏羅紀(jì)-早白堊紀(jì)隆升較慢，最后在晚白堊紀(jì)-現(xiàn)今再次較快速的隆升。三疊紀(jì)-早中侏羅紀(jì)為沉積巖源區(qū)的隆升階段，之后遭受剝蝕-搬運(yùn)-沉積，形成晚侏羅紀(jì)盆地沉積巖蓋層，，并在120Ma-0Ma（早白堊紀(jì)-現(xiàn)今）再次隆升遭受剝蝕。 蒙古-鄂霍茨克海關(guān)閉始于三疊紀(jì)，結(jié)束于晚侏羅末到早白堊紀(jì)初期。在此過程中形成了漠河-烏舒蒙前陸盆地。三疊紀(jì)由于弧-陸碰撞形成弧后小洋盆—烏舒蒙盆地，因而烏舒蒙盆地發(fā)育三疊紀(jì)海相地層，三疊紀(jì)時(shí)期烏舒蒙盆地為弧后前陸盆地；隨著擠壓碰撞造山的進(jìn)行（陸-陸碰撞），盆地橫剖面進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展，在晚侏羅紀(jì)中國(guó)境內(nèi)的漠河盆地開始發(fā)育陸相地層，在晚侏羅紀(jì)漠河-烏舒蒙盆地為周緣前陸盆地。到早白堊紀(jì)由于蒙古－鄂霍茨克洋的關(guān)閉和造山后垮塌和古太平洋板塊俯沖的遠(yuǎn)程效應(yīng)的綜合作用，漠河盆地白堊紀(jì)以來(lái)整體處于伸展?fàn)顟B(tài)，為分割的斷陷湖盆。
[Abstract]:The Mohe Basin is located in the northernmost part of China. It is a unified basin connected with the Wushumeng Basin in Russia. The northern part of the basin is the "Mongolia-Hubei orogenic belt". The study of the sedimentary system and tectonic setting of the Mohe Basin will link the genetic mechanism of the Mohe Basin with the "Mongolia-Hubei orogenic belt" and even reconstruct the "Mongolia-Hubei belt" orogenic process. Mesozoic East Asia convergence provides a basis, and has a certain guiding significance for further exploration of oil and gas in the basin.
The analysis of geophysical data shows that there are three main density-physical interfaces, four density layers, two main magnetic property boundaries and three magnetic layers in this area. The anomaly is more obvious, showing the characteristics of low-high-low-high from west to east; five magnetic anomaly areas (two strong magnetic anomaly areas, three weak magnetic anomaly areas), the NW-trending high-value anomaly in the northwest is obvious, showing the characteristics of high-value anomaly in the West and low-value in the east.
Seventy-five faults were identified by comprehensive analysis of gravity and magnetic, field geological phenomena and seismic data, including 11 faults of grade I, 11 faults of grade II and 53 faults of grade III, 20 faults of NE, 25 faults of NEE, 23 faults of NW and NWW, and 7 faults of SN. Jurassic. NE, NW, SN faults are mostly normal faults, mainly formed in the early Cretaceous, and near EW and some near NE, NW-trending basin-controlling faults have the strongest activity.
According to the interpretation of gravity and magnetic data, the Mohe Basin is divided into six first-order tectonic units (two uplifts and four depressions) and twelve second-order tectonic units (six concave and six convex). Generally speaking, the western part is relatively deep, generally 3000 m, the eastern part is slightly shallow, generally 2500 m, and the deepest part of the Mohe Basin is located in the Changluo area of the central part of the basin, up to 9000 M. The main depression of the basin is E-W trending, and the NE-NE trending faults in the later period destroyed and reformed the original E-W trending structures, and superimposed the NE-NE trending faults on it.
Three main sedimentary facies (alluvial fan facies, fan delta facies and lacustrine facies) were identified by comprehensive logging, core observation and field geological profiles. The basin shows that the northern water body gradually becomes shallow from deep to south, and the sedimentary facies from north to South shows semi-deep lake-shore shallow lake-front fan delta-fan Delta front-fan Delta plain-fan Delta plain. From Xiufeng Formation to the 22nd Station Formation, conglomerate is normal cycle and developed at the bottom; from the 22nd Station Formation to the Emuerhe Formation, conglomerate is developed at the top, showing sedimentary characteristics of compressive basin. On the whole, the Cretaceous is characterized by a positive cycle in the lower part (Tamulangou Formation) and a reverse cycle in the upper part (Elikode Formation). The sedimentary facies along the direction of the Okhotsk suture zone in the Mohe Basin near the "Mongolia-E Orogenic Belt" are distributed along with the movement of the Okhotsk suture zone, and the sedimentary center of the basin migrates southward due to the compression of the closure of the Okhotsk Customs.
According to the study of 28 apatite fission track ages in this area, the sample ages are mainly distributed in 137-110Ma, 218-164Ma, 326-299Ma. The basement of Mohe Basin uplifted rapidly from Triassic to Early-Middle Jurassic, uplifted slowly from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, and uplifted rapidly again from Late Cretaceous to present. The early and middle Jurassic was the uplift stage of sedimentary source area, and then was eroded, transported and deposited, forming the sedimentary rock caprock of the late Jurassic basin, and uplifted and eroded again at 120Ma-0Ma (Early Cretaceous-present).
The Mongolian-Okhotsk Customs closure began in the Triassic and ended in the late Late Jurassic to the early Early Cretaceous, during which the Mohe-Wushumen foreland basin was formed. Continental basin; with the development of compressional collision orogeny (continental-continental collision), the transverse section of the basin expanded further. continental strata began to develop in the Mohe basin in late Jurassic China, and the Mohe-Wushumeng basin was a peripheral foreland basin in late Jurassic. By the early Cretaceous, due to the closure of the Mongolia-Okhotsk Ocean and post-orogenic collapse and Paleo-Archean. The comprehensive effect of the long-range subduction of the Pacific Plate makes the Mohe Basin in an extensional state since Cretaceous, which is a faulted lake basin.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P512.2;P548

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