測(cè)井約束地震拓頻方法技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-27 19:30
【摘要】：隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,石油資源在能源工業(yè)領(lǐng)域扮演的角色越來越重要,這就需要國家投入更多的人力物力去進(jìn)行老油田的滾動(dòng)開發(fā)研究。通過對(duì)老油田進(jìn)行精細(xì)處理解釋以及剩余油的有效開采,可以提升老油田的采收率。但是現(xiàn)代地震資料的分辨率仍然無法滿足日益復(fù)雜的地下地層研究要求,在老油田的精細(xì)解釋過程中,高分辨率的地震資料就顯得尤為重要。提升地震資料的分辨率,對(duì)有效地進(jìn)行地層構(gòu)造信息、油氣儲(chǔ)層等地質(zhì)目標(biāo)體精細(xì)解釋的意義重大。當(dāng)前日益快速發(fā)展的地震勘探技術(shù)為油氣田勘探開發(fā)提供了相當(dāng)豐富的多尺度地球物理資料,如測(cè)井、鉆井、井間地震、VSP等資料,給地震勘探技術(shù)的發(fā)展帶了無限的可能。以已知地質(zhì)規(guī)律為前提,研究地面地震、井間地震和測(cè)井等多尺度地球物理資料聯(lián)合拓頻方法,拓展地面地震資料頻帶寬度,提高地震資料的分辨率,對(duì)于油氣田開發(fā)及老油田的精細(xì)描述具有全新的意義。為了獲取高分辨率的地震資料和更加詳細(xì)的儲(chǔ)層信息,往往將測(cè)井資料與地面地震聯(lián)合起來進(jìn)行拓頻處理。測(cè)井資料頻帶較寬,高頻噪聲多,有很好的縱向分辨,橫向分辨能力有限,其頻帶范圍大部分超出了地面地震的范圍。因此要求首先要將高分辨率的測(cè)井資料降頻到低分辨率的地震道信息,使測(cè)井資料在地震頻帶范圍內(nèi)與井旁地震道相互匹配。為此提出了一種測(cè)井反射系數(shù)序列的步進(jìn)迭代方法,在井旁地震道的約束作用下,使測(cè)井資料計(jì)算出的反射系數(shù)序列與估算子波的褶積不斷接近井旁地震道,最后得到一個(gè)與井旁地震道相匹配的反射系數(shù)序列。該反射系數(shù)序列既包含地面地震的信息,同時(shí)也有測(cè)井資料的高頻成分信息。利用這些反射系數(shù)序列與井旁道求取井位處的匹配因子,并對(duì)匹配因子進(jìn)行空變處理得到三維空間內(nèi)連續(xù)性和穩(wěn)定性較好的空變匹配因子�；诳兆兤ヅ湟蜃优c三維地震的關(guān)系建立三維約束數(shù)據(jù)體作為拓頻的約束條件,對(duì)三維地震數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了拓頻處理,實(shí)現(xiàn)了測(cè)井資料引導(dǎo)和加強(qiáng)三維地震資料中的有效信號(hào),提高地震資料分辨率。通過實(shí)際資料數(shù)據(jù)和模型數(shù)據(jù)的處理驗(yàn)證了該方法的可行性。通過研究認(rèn)為,(1)原始測(cè)井資料經(jīng)過步進(jìn)迭代后得到的反射系數(shù)序列,在地震資料的中低頻成分上與地震資料匹配了起來,這樣使得迭代后的測(cè)井反射系數(shù)同時(shí)攜帶測(cè)井和地面地震的信息,達(dá)到了兩種資料有效結(jié)合的目的;(2)通過優(yōu)化匹配因子的空變算法,得到的空邊匹配因子在連續(xù)性與穩(wěn)定性都達(dá)到了要求,更加符合地球物理資料的地質(zhì)特征;(3)由多尺度地球物理資料建立起的匹配約束數(shù)據(jù)體寬帶約束反演后得到高分辨率的地震數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)其進(jìn)行頻譜分析顯示出,地震資料提高了高頻成分的同時(shí)低頻成分也有所損失;(4)地震資料的低頻成分對(duì)于刻畫地層深部構(gòu)造有著十分重要的意義,因此拓頻過程中地震資料的低頻成分應(yīng)該受到保護(hù)。對(duì)地震數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行低頻補(bǔ)償后,使得地面地震資料在拓展高頻成分的同時(shí)低頻成分也受到了保留,從而全方位的拓展了地震資料的頻帶范圍,地震資料的質(zhì)量有了很大的改善。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, the role of oil resources in the field of energy industry is becoming more and more important, which requires the country to invest more manpower and material resources to carry out the rolling development and research of the old oil fields. Through the fine processing and interpretation of the old oil fields and the effective exploitation of the remaining oil, the recovery rate of the old oil fields can be promoted. The resolution of the seismic data is still unable to meet the increasingly complex research requirements for underground strata. In the fine interpretation process of the old oilfield, the high resolution seismic data is particularly important. It is of great significance to improve the resolution of seismic data and to effectively carry out the fine interpretation of geological targets, such as formation structure information and oil and gas reservoirs. At present, the rapid development of seismic exploration technology provides abundant multi scale geophysical data for the exploration and development of oil and gas fields, such as logging, drilling, interwell seismic, VSP and other data, which have unlimited potential for the development of seismic exploration technology. The combined frequency method of geophysical data, extending the bandwidth of the ground seismic data and improving the resolution of seismic data, is of new significance to the development of oil and gas fields and the fine description of the old oil fields. In order to obtain high resolution seismic data and more detailed reservoir information, the logging data are often combined with ground earthquakes. Frequency processing. Well logging data has a wide frequency band, high frequency noise, good longitudinal resolution and limited lateral resolution. Most of its band range exceeds the range of ground earthquake. Therefore, it is necessary to first reduce the high resolution log data to low resolution seismic information, so that well logging data are in the range of seismic frequency band and well beside the well. A step iterative method for the sequence of well logging reflection coefficient is proposed. Under the constraint of the well side seismic channel, the reflection coefficient sequence calculated by the well logging data and the convolution of the estimated wavelet are close to the near well seismic channel. Finally, a reflection coefficient sequence matching the well side seismic channel is obtained. The coefficient sequence includes both the information of the ground earthquake and the high frequency component information of the well logging data. Using these reflection coefficient sequences and well by-pass to obtain the matching factors at the well location, and the space variable processing of the matching factors to get the space variable matching factor with better continuity and stability in the three-dimensional space. Based on the space variable matching factor and three The relationship between the 3D seismic data and the three-dimensional seismic data is established as the constraint condition of the extension. The three-dimensional seismic data is extended frequency processing. The effective signal in the 3D seismic data is guided and strengthened, and the resolution of seismic data is improved. The feasibility of the method is verified through the processing of the actual data data and the model data. After research, (1) the reflection coefficient sequence of the original log data is matched with the seismic data in the medium and low frequency components of the seismic data, so that the logging reflection coefficient after the iteration simultaneously carries the information of the logging and ground earthquakes, reaching the purpose of the effective combination of the two kinds of data; (2) through the optimization of the match. The space side matching factor of the matching factor has reached the requirement of continuity and stability, which is more consistent with the geological characteristics of geophysical data. (3) the seismic data of high resolution rate are obtained after the matching constrained data body broadband constraints established by multi-scale geophysical data, and the spectrum analysis shows that the seismic data of the geophysical data are analyzed. The seismic data increase the high frequency components while the low frequency components are also lost; (4) the low-frequency components of the seismic data are very important to depict the deep structure of the strata, so the low-frequency components of the seismic data should be protected in the process of the frequency extension. At the same time, the low frequency components of the components are also preserved, so that the range of seismic data is expanded in all directions, and the quality of seismic data has been greatly improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P631.81;P631.4
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, the role of oil resources in the field of energy industry is becoming more and more important, which requires the country to invest more manpower and material resources to carry out the rolling development and research of the old oil fields. Through the fine processing and interpretation of the old oil fields and the effective exploitation of the remaining oil, the recovery rate of the old oil fields can be promoted. The resolution of the seismic data is still unable to meet the increasingly complex research requirements for underground strata. In the fine interpretation process of the old oilfield, the high resolution seismic data is particularly important. It is of great significance to improve the resolution of seismic data and to effectively carry out the fine interpretation of geological targets, such as formation structure information and oil and gas reservoirs. At present, the rapid development of seismic exploration technology provides abundant multi scale geophysical data for the exploration and development of oil and gas fields, such as logging, drilling, interwell seismic, VSP and other data, which have unlimited potential for the development of seismic exploration technology. The combined frequency method of geophysical data, extending the bandwidth of the ground seismic data and improving the resolution of seismic data, is of new significance to the development of oil and gas fields and the fine description of the old oil fields. In order to obtain high resolution seismic data and more detailed reservoir information, the logging data are often combined with ground earthquakes. Frequency processing. Well logging data has a wide frequency band, high frequency noise, good longitudinal resolution and limited lateral resolution. Most of its band range exceeds the range of ground earthquake. Therefore, it is necessary to first reduce the high resolution log data to low resolution seismic information, so that well logging data are in the range of seismic frequency band and well beside the well. A step iterative method for the sequence of well logging reflection coefficient is proposed. Under the constraint of the well side seismic channel, the reflection coefficient sequence calculated by the well logging data and the convolution of the estimated wavelet are close to the near well seismic channel. Finally, a reflection coefficient sequence matching the well side seismic channel is obtained. The coefficient sequence includes both the information of the ground earthquake and the high frequency component information of the well logging data. Using these reflection coefficient sequences and well by-pass to obtain the matching factors at the well location, and the space variable processing of the matching factors to get the space variable matching factor with better continuity and stability in the three-dimensional space. Based on the space variable matching factor and three The relationship between the 3D seismic data and the three-dimensional seismic data is established as the constraint condition of the extension. The three-dimensional seismic data is extended frequency processing. The effective signal in the 3D seismic data is guided and strengthened, and the resolution of seismic data is improved. The feasibility of the method is verified through the processing of the actual data data and the model data. After research, (1) the reflection coefficient sequence of the original log data is matched with the seismic data in the medium and low frequency components of the seismic data, so that the logging reflection coefficient after the iteration simultaneously carries the information of the logging and ground earthquakes, reaching the purpose of the effective combination of the two kinds of data; (2) through the optimization of the match. The space side matching factor of the matching factor has reached the requirement of continuity and stability, which is more consistent with the geological characteristics of geophysical data. (3) the seismic data of high resolution rate are obtained after the matching constrained data body broadband constraints established by multi-scale geophysical data, and the spectrum analysis shows that the seismic data of the geophysical data are analyzed. The seismic data increase the high frequency components while the low frequency components are also lost; (4) the low-frequency components of the seismic data are very important to depict the deep structure of the strata, so the low-frequency components of the seismic data should be protected in the process of the frequency extension. At the same time, the low frequency components of the components are also preserved, so that the range of seismic data is expanded in all directions, and the quality of seismic data has been greatly improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P631.81;P631.4
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