【摘要】：海水—地下水的相互作用會(huì)明顯地影響濱海地區(qū)的地下水流動(dòng),同時(shí)會(huì)引起各種水文地質(zhì)、工程地質(zhì)問(wèn)題。例如地下水資源枯竭、泉水消失、海水(咸水)入侵、地面沉降、地面(巖溶)塌陷、土地沙漠化、地下水污染造成的水質(zhì)惡化,甚至引起生態(tài)環(huán)境的退化等。海潮引起的地下水水位波動(dòng)以及地下水與海水交換量的研究,對(duì)于了解濱海地區(qū)水環(huán)境演變和地下水開(kāi)發(fā)利用均具有重要的意義。本文考查了一個(gè)海底含水層,該含水層表層直接與海水接觸并在水平方向無(wú)限延伸,在模型的概化過(guò)程中,還用到了一些假設(shè)條件,如忽略咸淡水的密度差效應(yīng),沉積物含水層中水流為垂直一維流且服從達(dá)西定律等。在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了描述該系統(tǒng)中地下水水頭隨潮汐波動(dòng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,推導(dǎo)得出了含水層水頭以及地下水與海水交換量的解析解,分析得到了滲透系數(shù)、貯水率、沉積物厚度以及等水文地質(zhì)參數(shù)對(duì)地下水頭波動(dòng)以及海水與地下水交換量的影響規(guī)律。在推導(dǎo)出解析解的基礎(chǔ)上,討論了含水層底部水頭以及不同深度處的水頭波幅和相位差隨各水文地質(zhì)參數(shù)的變化情況。研究結(jié)果表明,隨著Te和滲透系數(shù)的減小,深度和貯水系數(shù)以及沉積物厚度的增大,會(huì)加強(qiáng)水頭波幅的衰減,增加水頭波動(dòng)的滯后�；诒疚牡暮畬酉到y(tǒng)模型和解析解,我們對(duì)山東省萊州灣海廟地區(qū)的海潮波動(dòng)和地下水頭動(dòng)態(tài)觀測(cè)資料進(jìn)行了應(yīng)用研究。本文利用最小二乘法確定了實(shí)際海潮周期主要分量的波幅和相位,得到多分量情況下的水頭波動(dòng)以及交換量的解析解,并將多分量情況下的水頭解析解與觀測(cè)值進(jìn)行了擬合對(duì)比。結(jié)果表明,交換量與海潮荷載系數(shù)呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,與滲透系數(shù)、貯水率以及沉積物厚度呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。最后,利用觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)和解析解擬合值分別計(jì)算了一個(gè)月時(shí)間內(nèi)地下水與海水交換量的值,并進(jìn)行了分析比較。
[Abstract]:The interaction between seawater and groundwater will obviously affect the groundwater flow in coastal areas and cause various hydrogeological and engineering geological problems. For example, the groundwater resource is exhausted, the spring water disappears, the sea water (salt water) invades, the land subsidence, the land (karst) collapses, the land desertification, the groundwater pollution causes the water quality deterioration, even causes the ecological environment degradation and so on. The study of the fluctuation of groundwater level and the amount of exchange between groundwater and sea water caused by sea tide is of great significance for understanding the evolution of water environment and the exploitation and utilization of groundwater in coastal areas. In this paper, a submarine aquifer is examined. The surface layer of the aquifer is directly in contact with the seawater and extends infinitely in the horizontal direction. In the process of generalization of the model, some hypothetical conditions are also used, such as neglecting the density difference effect of salty fresh water. The flow in the sediment aquifer is vertical one-dimensional flow and obeys Darcy's law and so on. On this basis, a mathematical model describing the fluctuation of groundwater head with tide in the system is established, and the analytical solutions of aquifer head and groundwater and sea water exchange amount are derived, and the permeability coefficient and water storage rate are obtained. The influence of sediment thickness and hydrogeological parameters on the fluctuation of groundwater head and the exchange between seawater and groundwater. Based on the analytical solution, the variation of the wave amplitude and phase difference of the water head at the bottom of the aquifer and at different depths with the hydrogeological parameters is discussed. The results show that with the decrease of Te and permeability coefficient, the increase of depth, water storage coefficient and sediment thickness, the attenuation of water head amplitude will be enhanced and the lag of water head fluctuation will be increased. Based on the aquifer system model and analytical solution in this paper, the tidal wave and the dynamic observation data of groundwater head in Haimiao area, Laizhou Bay, Shandong Province, are studied. In this paper, the amplitude and phase of the main components of the actual tidal period are determined by using the least square method, and the analytical solutions of the water head wave and the exchange amount are obtained in the case of multiple components. The analytical solution of water head in the case of multiple components is fitted and compared with the observed value. The results show that the exchange volume is negatively correlated with the tidal load coefficient, and positively correlated with the permeability coefficient, water storage rate and sediment thickness. Finally, the values of groundwater and sea water exchange in one month are calculated by using the observed data and the fitting value of the analytical solution, and the results are analyzed and compared.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P731.2;P641

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本文編號(hào)：2131626