本文選題：準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地 + 沙灣組��； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地車排子凸起春光區(qū)塊新近系沙灣組具有多物源、多沉積體系特點。由于不同時期巖心、測井、測試分析和地震資料參差不齊,沉積體系認(rèn)識爭議較大,早期研究認(rèn)為研究區(qū)以水下沉積為主,發(fā)育緩坡扇三角洲-辮狀河三角洲-湖泊沉積體系;近期研究認(rèn)為研究區(qū)為陸上暴露沉積,發(fā)育沖積扇-河流沉積體系。沉積規(guī)律認(rèn)識的不足,致使鉆井頻頻失利,嚴(yán)重阻礙了研究區(qū)巖性油氣藏勘探開發(fā)的進(jìn)程,迫切需要新的方法來精細(xì)刻畫其沉積體系及砂體特征。論文基于巖心、測井、地震和測試分析等資料,在層序地層學(xué)、應(yīng)用沉積學(xué)、儲層地質(zhì)學(xué)、測井地質(zhì)學(xué)、地震沉積學(xué)等理論的指導(dǎo)下,首先在露頭、測井及地震資料結(jié)合的基礎(chǔ)上建立了等時層序地層單元格架;利用地震沉積學(xué)技術(shù)對研究區(qū)典型沉積特征進(jìn)行分析;通過詳細(xì)的巖心沉積學(xué)分析劃分了巖石相類型和沉積微相類型,分析了沉積微相展布、沉積模式及沉積演化特征;在砂體成因類型劃分的基礎(chǔ)上,對砂體平面展布規(guī)律、幾何形態(tài)、接觸樣式及疊置模式進(jìn)行總結(jié)分析;最后基于Google Earth對現(xiàn)代沉積的定量分析,綜合利用地層切片及測井資料,對研究區(qū)砂體進(jìn)行定量表征,并對有利儲集砂體分布特征進(jìn)行闡述,對有利目標(biāo)區(qū)進(jìn)行預(yù)測。論文得出的主要認(rèn)識和結(jié)論如下:物源體系分析方面,在古地貌分析的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合鋯石定年、重礦物、古水流和砂地比綜合判斷。(1)鋯石定年結(jié)果表明研究區(qū)碎屑鋯石年齡峰值(400 Ma)與東北部的阿爾泰山(峰值505 Ma)相差較遠(yuǎn),與南部天山(峰值313 Ma)不符,與西北部扎伊爾山(峰值391 Ma)相吻合,表明西北部扎伊爾山是研究區(qū)的主要物源區(qū);(2)研究區(qū)發(fā)育兩大碎屑物源方向:西北-北部方向和東北方向;沙灣組沉積早期物源方向為西北和東北方向,以東北方向為主;到沙灣組晚期,物源方向有所偏移,以北部為主。等時層序地層格架方面,在Vail經(jīng)典層序地層學(xué)理論指導(dǎo)下,結(jié)合露頭、測井及地震響應(yīng)特征,建立了春光區(qū)塊新近系沙灣組高精度等時地層格架,將其劃分為2個三級層序(NSQ1、NSQ2),4個四級層序。沙灣組頂?shù)捉缑婢鶠閰^(qū)域不整合面,地層由東南向西北超覆。沙灣組沉積時期研究區(qū)地形較緩,且位于構(gòu)造相對較高部位,低位體系域不發(fā)育,以湖侵體系域與高位體系域為主。NSQ1層序,對應(yīng)于沙灣組沙一段(N1s1),層序構(gòu)型以湖侵體系域(TST)為主,高位體系域(HST)為輔。巖性較粗,沉積多期厚層砂礫巖,泥質(zhì)含量低;NSQ2層序,對應(yīng)于沙灣組沙二段(N1s2)及沙三段(N1s3),層序構(gòu)型特征以高位體系域(HST)為主,湖侵體系域(TST)為輔,巖性較細(xì),以含礫細(xì)砂巖、細(xì)砂巖為主,砂體厚度小。地震沉積學(xué)分析方面,通過90°相位轉(zhuǎn)換建立地震同相軸與巖性對應(yīng)關(guān)系;通過巖石物理關(guān)系分析得到砂泥巖識別特征;自下而上篩選典型地層切片進(jìn)行分析,地層切片見不規(guī)則橢圓形(菱形)和啞鈴形強負(fù)振幅異常體、多期高彎曲河道狀振幅異常體環(huán)繞不規(guī)則弓形強振幅異常體分布以及大量細(xì)窄振幅異常體條帶群,標(biāo)定為心灘、邊灘及三角洲分流河道沉積,豐富了沉積體系的認(rèn)識。巖石學(xué)特征方面,研究區(qū)整體巖屑含量高,石英含量相對較低,為低成熟特征,且不同井區(qū)其含量具有一定的差異。研究區(qū)西北部以巖屑砂巖為主,鏡下見棱角狀-次棱角狀礦物點-線接觸,顆粒大小混雜,分選較差,為近物源低成熟特征;研究區(qū)東北部以巖屑長石砂巖和長石巖屑砂巖為主,鏡下見棱角狀-次棱角狀礦物雜基支撐,分選一般,成熟度較低;研究區(qū)中部以巖屑長石砂巖和巖屑砂巖為主,鏡下見棱角狀-次棱角狀礦物雜基支撐,為低成熟的特點;研究區(qū)西南部以巖屑長石砂巖為主,石英含量相對較高,為較高成熟的特點,鏡下見棱角狀-次棱角狀礦物雜基支撐,分選一般。通過詳細(xì)的巖心沉積學(xué)分析,將研究區(qū)沙灣組劃分為7種巖石相類型:雜色塊狀礫巖巖石相、含礫砂巖巖石相、中粗砂巖巖石相、粉細(xì)砂巖巖石相、含礫泥巖巖石相、泥巖巖石相和石膏巖石相。5種測井相:箱形、鐘形、漏斗形、指形和平直形。整體上為平行-亞平行、中強振幅、中高頻率、中好連續(xù)性地震相。結(jié)合巖石相、測井相、地震相、單井相及地層切片響應(yīng)特征,認(rèn)為研究區(qū)發(fā)育沖積扇、辮狀河、曲流河、淺水三角洲、扇三角洲及濱淺湖6種沉積體系類型及24種沉積微相類型,其中沖積扇以扇端亞相為主,發(fā)育辮狀河道、泥石流和片流沉積微相;辮狀河分為河床亞相、堤岸亞相及河漫亞相,進(jìn)一步細(xì)分為河床滯留沉積、河道充填、心灘、天然堤及泛濫平原沉積微相;曲流河分為河床亞相、堤岸亞相、河漫亞相以及牛軛湖亞相,包括河床滯留沉積、河道充填、邊灘、天然堤、泛濫平原、廢棄河道等沉積微相;淺水三角洲沉積體系進(jìn)一步分為三角洲平原和三角洲前緣亞相,三角洲平原亞相可劃分為分流河道、分支間灣、廢棄河道及天然堤等沉積微相,三角洲前緣可進(jìn)一步劃分為水下分流河道、席狀砂、分支間灣及廢棄河道等沉積微相;扇三角洲以前緣亞相為主,細(xì)分為水下分流河道、河道間和席狀砂等沉積微相。并對不同沉積微相類型的巖性、砂體厚度、測井相形態(tài)及地震響應(yīng)特征進(jìn)行了分析。沉積微相展布、沉積模式方面,不同物源區(qū)砂體厚度差異較大,且砂體之間不連通,中間為泥巖發(fā)育帶�？v向上砂體發(fā)育不均勻,向上砂厚減薄且連通性降低;沉積微相分布復(fù)雜,沙一段以辮狀河為主,呈北東-南西向展布,西北部發(fā)育小規(guī)模沖積扇;沙二段沉積早期,辮狀河向曲流河轉(zhuǎn)變,邊灘復(fù)合體發(fā)育,在南部末端,開始出現(xiàn)淺水三角洲平原沉積,沖積扇仍局部發(fā)育。隨著湖水的持續(xù)上升及物源方向的遷移,沙二段晚期,北部發(fā)育扇三角洲,南部發(fā)育濱淺湖及淺水三角洲前緣,沙三段沉積時期,湖平面下降,北部發(fā)育沖積扇,南部廣泛發(fā)育泛濫平原沉積。并建立沖積扇-辮狀河沉積模式及扇三角洲-淺水三角洲沉積模式。單砂體按照成因細(xì)分為心灘、邊灘、分流河道、水下分流河道及席狀砂等,不同類型砂體在發(fā)育部位、砂體特征、測井特征及地震反射形態(tài)上均有不同響應(yīng)。心灘砂體位于研究區(qū)沙灣組底部沙一段,具有順流平緩前積、垂向多期增生體加積的特點,砂體相互切割疊置,常呈泛連通體分布。巖性以砂礫巖為主,砂體厚度大,平均在20m左右,為多期砂體疊置沉積而成,測井曲線以厚層高幅齒化箱形為主。砂體底部見河床滯留沉積,頂部發(fā)育落淤層。地震反射表現(xiàn)為強振幅低連續(xù),地層切片上多呈不規(guī)則橢圓形、菱形或啞鈴形。邊灘砂體發(fā)育在沙二段,是河流側(cè)向遷移和沉積物側(cè)向加積的結(jié)果。巖性以灰色含礫細(xì)砂巖為主,分選磨圓中等,泥質(zhì)含量較高,單期河道砂體厚度在3 m~15 m,測井曲線為中高幅齒化箱形和寬指形。地震反射表現(xiàn)為強振幅-中好連續(xù)。地層切片為不規(guī)則弓形強振幅異常體。分流河道砂體是淺水三角洲平原最主要的砂體類型。巖性較細(xì),以中細(xì)砂巖、含礫細(xì)砂巖為主,分選磨圓均較好,泥質(zhì)含量高,局部見沖刷面。單砂體厚度中等,在3 m~10 m左右。測井曲線以寬指形和齒化箱形為主。地震反射表現(xiàn)為強振幅-中好連續(xù),見透鏡狀,地層切片上為細(xì)窄條帶狀,呈北東-南西向展布。水下分流河道是淺水三角洲前緣骨架砂體,巖性較細(xì),以中細(xì)砂巖為主,砂體厚度在5m左右,測井曲線以寬指形為主,為中-強振幅、中好連續(xù)性、亞平行地震相,地層切片上見細(xì)小強振幅呈近東西向條帶狀展布。席狀砂是沉積物在湖水作用下發(fā)生橫向遷移而成。整體上粒度較細(xì),以細(xì)砂巖、粉砂巖為主,砂體厚度較薄,在3 m左右,測井曲線為指形。地震反射為亞平行-中振幅-中好連續(xù)性,地層切片上多呈面狀展布。砂體結(jié)構(gòu)方面,通過對砂體解剖分析,認(rèn)為研究區(qū)砂體幾何平面形態(tài)主要有4類:條帶狀、樹枝狀、透鏡狀(豆莢狀)及席狀;砂體平面接觸樣式主要有4種類型:側(cè)向切疊式、間灣相隔式、水平搭接式及孤立式;砂體疊置樣式可劃分為3大類5小類:堆疊式、側(cè)疊式及孤立式。其中,堆疊式包括垂向疊加式和垂向切疊式;側(cè)疊式可分為側(cè)向疊加式和側(cè)向切疊式。隨湖平面上升及可容納空間/沉積物補給通量值(A/S)增大,砂體結(jié)構(gòu)由堆疊式向側(cè)疊式過渡,并逐漸向孤立式演變。砂體定量表征方面,本次研究基于衛(wèi)星照片、測井、地震資料,以現(xiàn)代沉積為出發(fā)點,對研究區(qū)主要砂體進(jìn)行定量表征。通過對瑪曲辮狀河河道寬度、心灘長度及寬度、曲流河河道寬度與邊灘長度的測量,進(jìn)行擬合分析,建立定量模型,并利用地層切片分辨率高的優(yōu)點,進(jìn)行驗證分析,表明模型具有較好的適用性。此外,淺水三角洲分流河道在地層切片上響應(yīng)特征清晰,通過在地層切片上標(biāo)定河道寬度,并統(tǒng)計與之對應(yīng)的河道砂體厚度,從而建立起河道寬度與砂體厚度的定量模型,復(fù)相關(guān)系數(shù)達(dá)0.82,為稀井網(wǎng)區(qū)砂體定量預(yù)測奠定基礎(chǔ)。在對研究區(qū)主要單砂體成因、有利砂體分布特征詳細(xì)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合對砂體尖滅帶的認(rèn)識、砂體的定量研究、油氣成藏特點及地震響應(yīng)特征,篩選了三個有利目標(biāo)區(qū)。
[Abstract]:The Neogene Shawan Formation of the spring light block in the Junggar basin is characterized by multi source and multiple depositional systems. Due to the different cores, logging, test analysis and seismic data in different periods, the depositional system is very controversial. In the early study, the study area was dominated by underwater deposition and developed slowly slope fan delta braid delta lake. In recent studies, it is considered that the research area is on land exposed deposits and developed alluvial fan river sedimentary system. The lack of alluvial fan river sedimentary system makes drilling frequent loss, which seriously hinders the process of exploration and development of lithologic oil and gas reservoirs in the study area, and a new method is urgently needed to finely draw the sedimentary system and sand body characteristics. Under the guidance of sequence stratigraphy, applied sedimentology, reservoir geology, logging geology, seismic sedimentology, and so on, the isochronous sequence stratigraphic frame has been established on the basis of the combination of outcrop, logging and seismic data, and the typical sedimentary characteristics of the study area are established by seismic sedimentology. Through the detailed analysis of core sedimentology, the types of rock facies and sedimentary microfacies are divided, and sedimentary microfacies distribution, sedimentary patterns and sedimentary evolution characteristics are analyzed. On the basis of the classification of the genetic types of sand bodies, the pattern of sand body plane distribution, geometry, contact style and superposition mode are summarized and analyzed; finally, based on Goo The quantitative analysis of modern deposition by gle Earth, comprehensive use of stratigraphic section and logging data to quantify the sand body in the study area, and to elaborate the distribution characteristics of the favorable reservoir sand body and predict the favorable target area. The main understanding and conclusion obtained in this paper are as follows: on the basis of the analysis of paleogenomorphology, the source system analysis is based on the analysis of the paleogenomorphology. The zircon dating, heavy minerals, paleo flow and sand ratio are synthetically judged. (1) the dating results of zircon indicate that the age peak of the detrital zircon (400 Ma) in the study area is far from that of the northeastern aer Taishan (peak 505 Ma), which is inconsistent with the southern Tianshan (peak 313 Ma) and is in accordance with the Zaire mountain in the Northwest (peak 391 Ma), indicating that the Zaire mountain in the northwest is a study. The main source area of the study area; (2) the research area has two main sources of debris source: Northwest to northern direction and northeast direction; the early sediments in the Shawan Formation are north-west and northeast, mainly in the northeast direction; to the late Shawan Formation, the source direction is shifted to the north, and in the isochronous sequence stratigraphic framework, the sequence stratigraphy of the Vail sequence is in the classical sequence stratigraphy. Under the guidance of the theory, combining the outcrop, logging and seismic response characteristics, the high precision isochronous stratigraphic framework of the Neogene Shawan Formation of the spring light block is established, which is divided into 2 three order sequences (NSQ1, NSQ2) and 4 four order sequences. The top bottom interface of the Shawan Formation is all regional unconformable surface, the ground layer is overoverlying from the southeast to the northwest. The structure is relatively high, and the lower system domain is not developed. The.NSQ1 sequence is the main sequence of the lake invasion system tract and the high system tract, corresponding to the Sha Wan formation (N1s1), the sequence configuration is dominated by the lacustrine transgressive system tract (TST), and the high system tract (HST) is supplemented. The rock is coarser, the sedimentary multi stage thick sand conglomerate is low, and the NSQ2 sequence is the same. In the two section of Shawan Formation sand (N1s2) and three section of sand (N1s3), the sequence configuration feature is mainly high system domain (HST), and the lake invasion system domain (TST) is supplemented by the lacustrine system domain (TST), with fine sandstone, fine sandstone and small sand body thickness. In seismic sedimentology analysis, the corresponding relationship between seismic phase axis and lithology through 90 degree phase transformation is established, and rock physics is established through rock physics. The characteristics of sand shale identification are obtained by the relationship analysis; the typical stratigraphic sections are selected from bottom to top to be analyzed. The stratigraphic sections are irregular elliptical (rhombic) and dumbbell strongly negative amplitude abnormal body, and the multi period high curved channel amplitude abnormal body surrounds the irregular arched strong amplitude abnormal body distribution and a large number of thin and narrow amplitude abnormal body bands are calibrated. The sedimentary system is rich in the depositional system of the sandbank, edge beach and delta distributary channel. In petrological characteristics, the total debris content of the study area is high and the quartz content is relatively low, which is characterized by low maturity, and there are certain differences in its content in different wells. The point and line contact, mixed particle size and poor separation, is a low maturity feature of the near source. In the northeastern part of the study area, lithic feldspar sandstone and feldspar sandstone are the main features of the study area, with angle and sub angle like mineral complex support under the mirror, the separation is general and the maturity is low; in the middle part of the study area, the core of lithic feldspar sandstone and lithic sandstone is dominated by lithic sandstone and lithic sandstone. The sub - angled mineral complex support is characterized by low maturity; the southwest part of the study area is dominated by lithic feldspar sandstone, with relatively high quartz content and high maturity. Under the mirror, the angled and angular mineral complex support is generally selected. The Shawan Formation in the study area is divided into 7 types of rock facies through detailed core sedimentology analysis. Variegated block conglomerate facies, conglomerate sandstone rock facies, medium coarse sandstone rock facies, fine sandstone rock facies, gravel rock facies, mudstone facies and gypsum rock facies.5 logging facies: box, bell shaped, funnel-shaped, straight and straight shape. The whole is parallel subparallel, middle strong amplitude, middle and high frequency, medium good continuous seismic facies. Combined rock Facies, logging facies, seismic facies, single well facies and stratigraphic section response characteristics, the study area developed alluvial fan, braided river, meandering river, shallow water delta, fan delta and shore shallow lake 6 sedimentary system types and 24 sedimentary microfacies types, of which alluvial fan is dominated by fan end subfacies, developed braided channel, debris flow and microfacies sedimentary microfacies; braided river The subfacies of river bed subfacies, embankment subfacies and river diffuse subfacies are further subdivided into sedimentary microfacies of river bed retention, channel filling, heart beach, natural embankment and flood plain, and the quanduhe river is divided into river bed subfacies, embankment subfacies, river diffuse subfacies and yoke Lake subfacies, including river bed retention and sedimentation, river filling, bank, natural embankment, flood plain, abandoned River and so on The depositional system of the shallow water delta is further divided into delta plain and delta front subfacies, and the delta plain subfacies can be divided into distributary channel, inter branch Bay, abandoned channel and natural embankment, and the delta front can be further divided into subaqueous distributary channel, mat like sand, inter branch Bay and abandoned channel. Facies, fan deltas are subdivided into subfacies of front edge, subdivided into subaqueous distributary channel, inter channel and matting sand and other sedimentary microfacies. The lithology of different sedimentary microfacies, sand body thickness, logging facies and seismic response characteristics are analyzed. Sedimentary microfacies, sedimentary patterns, and sand body thickness differ greatly in different source areas, and sand bodies are different. The sand body development is not connected and the middle is the mudstone development zone. The vertical sand body development is uneven, the upward sand thickness is thinner and the connectivity is reduced; the sedimentary microfacies are complex, the sand one is dominated by braided river, the north-east south west direction is distributed, the northwest part develops small scale alluvial fan, the two section of the sand is early, the braided river turns to the meander river, and the border complex is developed in the south. At the end of the Department, the shallow water delta plain is deposited and the alluvial fan is still partially developed. With the continuous rise of the lake water and the migration of the source direction, the late sand two section, the northern fan delta, the southern shallow lake and the shallow water delta front edge, the three sediment period of the sand, the decline of the lake level, the alluvial fan in the north, and the southern development widespread in the south. Alluvial fan - braided river sedimentary model and fan delta shallow water delta depositional model are established. Single sand bodies are subdivided into shoals, flats, distributary channels, underwater distributary channels and matting sand. Different types of sand bodies have different responses to the development position, sand body characteristics, logging features and seismic reflection forms. The body is located at the bottom of Sha Wan formation at the bottom of the Shawan Formation in the study area. It has the characteristics of smooth flow flat front product and vertical multi stage hyperplastic body accumulation. The sand body is interposed and overlapped and often distributes. The lithology is mainly sand conglomerate, the sand body is thick, the average of the sand body is about 20m, and the multi stage sand body is stacked and sinked, and the well logging curve is mainly thick layer high amplitude box shape box shape. At the bottom of the body, the sediment is deposited in the river bed and the top of the sediment is deposited on the top. The seismic reflection is characterized by strong amplitude and low continuity. The strata are mostly irregular oval, rhombic or dumbbell shaped. The sand body of the beach is developed in two sand sections, which is the result of lateral migration of rivers and side accumulation of sediment. The mass content is high, the thickness of the single channel sand body is 3 m~15 m, the logging curve is medium and high amplitude gear box shape and wide finger shape. The seismic reflection is strong amplitude - medium good continuous. The stratum section is irregular arched strong amplitude abnormal body. The distributary channel sand body is the main sand body type in the shallow water delta plain. The lithology is thinner, with medium fine sandstone and gravel thin. The sandstone is the main type, and the separation grinding circle is good, the mud content is high and the local scour surface is seen. The thickness of the single sand body is medium to about 3 m~10 m. The logging curve is mainly wide finger and toothed box shape. The seismic reflection is strong amplitude - medium good continuous, lens like, thin and narrow strip in the stratum section, showing North East South West direction. The underwater distributary channel is shallow. The front edge skeleton sand body of the water delta is fine, with medium and fine sandstone with the thickness of medium and fine sandstone at about 5m, and the well logging curve is dominated by wide finger, medium and strong amplitude, medium good continuity and subparallel seismic facies. As a whole, the grain size is fine, with fine sandstone and siltstone, with thin sand body thickness, about 3 m, well logging curve as finger shape. Banded, dendritic, lenticular (POD like) and mat shape; sand body plane contact styles are mainly 4 types: lateral shear type, bay interval type, horizontal lap type and isolated type; sand body superposition style can be divided into 3 categories 5 small categories: stacking type, side stack and isolated type. With the increase of the level of the lake level and the value of the accommodating space / sediment flux (A/S), the structure of the sand body is transition from stacked to side stack and gradually to the isolated form. In the aspect of quantitative characterization of sand body, this study is based on the satellite photos, logging, seismic data, and the research area based on modern deposition. The main sand body is quantified. Through the measurement of the width of the river in the braided river in Maqu, the length and width of the heart beach, the width of the river and the length of the bank, the quantitative model is established and verified by the advantages of the high resolution of the stratigraphic section. It is shown that the model has good applicability. In addition, the shallow water delta is divided. The river channel has a clear response characteristic on the stratigraphic section. By calibrating the width of the river channel on the stratigraphic section and the corresponding thickness of the channel sand, the quantitative model of the width of the river and the thickness of the sand body is established. The number of complex facies reaches 0.82, which lays the foundation for the quantitative pre measurement of the sand body in the thin well network area. On the basis of detailed analysis of the distribution characteristics of the sand body, combining with the understanding of the sand body tip extinguishing zone, the quantitative study of sand body, the characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation and seismic response, three favorable target areas have been screened.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P618.13

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本文編號：2086507