本文選題：泥石流 + 次聲　； 參考：《山東科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：泥石流是一種分布廣泛、發(fā)生頻繁的自然災(zāi)害,常見(jiàn)于山區(qū),具有來(lái)勢(shì)猛、破壞性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn),對(duì)山區(qū)人民的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全和自然生態(tài)環(huán)境造成巨大的威脅。實(shí)現(xiàn)泥石流動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè),對(duì)于防災(zāi)減災(zāi)具有重要意義。已有的泥石流監(jiān)測(cè)方法存在著響應(yīng)慢、誤報(bào)漏報(bào)率高等缺陷,因此,本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于次聲的泥石流監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)。次聲波具有頻率低、衰減慢、穿透力強(qiáng)等特性,可以在很遠(yuǎn)距離外被監(jiān)測(cè)到。在泥石流孕育發(fā)展和發(fā)生的過(guò)程中,由于巖土斷裂、擠壓和摩擦以及泥石流流動(dòng)與河床碰撞、摩擦,都會(huì)產(chǎn)生次聲波。根據(jù)泥石流這種次聲特性,建立次聲監(jiān)測(cè)站點(diǎn),實(shí)現(xiàn)泥石流遠(yuǎn)距離監(jiān)測(cè),在泥石流到來(lái)前通過(guò)接受到的次聲信號(hào)判斷災(zāi)害的發(fā)生,發(fā)出預(yù)警,為災(zāi)害防護(hù)贏得寶貴時(shí)間�；谏鲜鲈�,本文設(shè)計(jì)了泥石流次聲監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)包括次聲傳感器、數(shù)據(jù)采集傳輸儀及其配套設(shè)備、服務(wù)器和計(jì)算機(jī),數(shù)據(jù)采集傳輸儀將傳感器采集到的次聲信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)化為數(shù)字信號(hào)并傳輸?shù)竭h(yuǎn)端服務(wù)器上,計(jì)算機(jī)從服務(wù)器中調(diào)用數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行信號(hào)處理和分析,對(duì)受災(zāi)地區(qū)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)。在泥石流定位方面,首次將PMCC聲源定位法應(yīng)用到監(jiān)測(cè)分析系統(tǒng)中,定位實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了 PMCC法的可行性。通過(guò)泥石流滑動(dòng)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),得到具有一定特性的次聲信號(hào),通過(guò)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)泥石流開(kāi)始滑動(dòng)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的次聲信號(hào)主要集中在0.5～12.5Hz。根據(jù)泥石流和滑坡孕育發(fā)展的規(guī)律可知:流滑體內(nèi)部裂紋擴(kuò)展的次聲信號(hào)頻率主要集中在12.5Hz左右;滑移面處顆粒間錯(cuò)動(dòng)和摩擦產(chǎn)生的次聲信號(hào)頻率主要集中在0.5～6Hz。泥石流滑動(dòng)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)得到的兩種特征信號(hào),可以作為災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)的重要參考。
[Abstract]:Debris flow (debris flow) is a kind of natural disaster which is widely distributed and occurs frequently. It is common in mountain area and has the characteristics of fierce coming and strong destructive. It poses a great threat to the safety of people's life and property and the natural ecological environment of mountain area. The realization of debris flow dynamic monitoring is of great significance for disaster prevention and mitigation. The existing methods of debris flow monitoring have some defects, such as slow response and high false alarm rate. Therefore, a monitoring system of debris flow based on infrasound is designed in this paper. Infrasound is characterized by low frequency, slow attenuation and strong penetration. In the process of development and occurrence of debris flow infrasonic waves are produced due to rock and soil fracture compression and friction as well as collision and friction between debris flow and river bed. According to the infrasound characteristic of debris flow, the infrasound monitoring station is established to realize the remote monitoring of debris flow. Before the arrival of debris flow, the occurrence of disaster is judged by the received infrasound signal, and the early warning is issued, which gains valuable time for disaster protection. Based on the above principle, this paper designs the infrasound monitoring system of debris flow. The system includes infrasound sensor, data acquisition and transmission instrument and its supporting equipment, server and computer. The infrasound signal collected by the sensor is converted into digital signal and transmitted to the remote server. The computer calls the data from the server for signal processing and analysis to monitor the affected area in real time. In the aspect of debris flow location, PMCC sound source location method is applied to the monitoring and analysis system for the first time. The feasibility of PMCC method is verified by the localization experiment. The infrasound signal with certain characteristics is obtained by the simulation experiment of debris flow sliding. It is found that the infrasound signal produced when the debris flow begins to slide is mainly concentrated in 0.5 ~ 12.5Hz. According to the rules of debris flow and landslide development, the infrasonic signal frequency of crack propagation in fluid slip is mainly about 12.5 Hz, and the frequency of infrasonic signal produced by interparticle dislocation and friction at slip plane is mainly 0.5 ~ 6 Hz. The two characteristic signals of debris flow sliding simulation can be used as an important reference for disaster monitoring.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P642.23

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