本文選題：隧道地震預報 + TSP��； 參考：《西南交通大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來,國內鐵路、公路、水電等工程的深埋長大隧道施工中,隧道地震超前預報技術(TSP)已成為進行地質預報的主流方法。但是目前的文獻主要著眼于對其實際應用效果分析,而對隧道復雜條件下的波場特征的理論認識,以及波場分離、速度分析和偏移成像等核心處理技術的有效性和影響因素的研究和分析方面,少見公開發(fā)表的相關研究成果文獻。因此,展開隧道地震超前預報技術的數(shù)值模擬研究,提高隧道地質超前預報的準確率,具有十分重要的工程應用背景。同時,對于促進隧道地震超前預報方法的發(fā)展也具有重要的理論意義。本文的主要采用ANSYS有限元數(shù)值模擬軟件對TSP隧道地震波全波場進行二維數(shù)值模擬,研究地震波傳播在遇到不良地質體及隧道結構界面時,波的傳播和轉換模式的波場特征；基于數(shù)值模型研究了TSP系統(tǒng)中主要的核心處理技術：掌子面前方有效反射波提取技術以及速度分析和偏移成像技術；數(shù)值模擬和工程實際結合,研究分析數(shù)據(jù)采集中圍巖松動圈中傳感器埋深對接收信號的影響特征。主要的研究內容如下：文中首先對隧道工程中常見的地質災害進行了分析歸納。對常見的重要煤層瓦斯、斷層、高地應力、溶洞等地質病害的施工中的工程地質特征進行了詳細的介紹。重點分析了斷層和溶洞這兩類典型隧道地質病害的工程地質和地球物理特征�；诘卣鸩▓隼碚摵虯NSYS軟件動態(tài)結構分析模塊,實現(xiàn)了二維隧道地震波場的數(shù)值模擬。較系統(tǒng)的對不同產狀的斷層模型,如直立單層、直立多層、傾斜60°、傾斜30°等模型的隧道地震波場進行數(shù)值模擬,分析其在隧道地震波場傳播和記錄特征。對不同尺度的溶洞模型,如3m,20m半徑的溶洞的隧道地震波場進行數(shù)值模擬,分析其波場的傳播和記錄特征。研究中還重點對RSSR波的傳播和記錄特征進行了分析研究。為開展TSP中的波場分離、偏移歸位方法等核心技術的數(shù)值模擬研究和評價奠定了可行性基礎。首先通過對Radon變換的基本原理分析和討論,分析和探討了其在隧道地震超前預報波場分離中的應用基礎�；跀鄬訑�(shù)值模型,研究分析和評價了了TSPwin中離散線性Radon變換的τ-p變換的應用有效性,影響因素和處理參數(shù)選取。研究表明,線性Radon變換可以用于分離反射波。從900、600、300這三個模型分離的反射波可以看到,直立情況F分離的最好,30。傾斜分離的最差。主要是由于直立或陡立模型的時距關系為線性,Radon變換時也是線性變換,分離效果相對較好。當模型為傾斜時,其時距關系為雙曲,但處理中采用的Radon變換是線性的,故其分離效果較差。對于溶洞模型,τ-p變換的波場分離也存在強的干擾波,但隨著溶洞的直徑接近或大于第一菲尼爾帶時,溶洞趨近于反射體,排列接收到的反射波能量越來越強,此外,還基于RSSR的動力學特征,對P-S波的空間方向濾波方法進行了研究,并對引入的空間方向濾波方法的可信性進行了分析和評價。將反射波濾波角度設為900,可以有效消除干擾波,分離P波和S波。且對溶洞模型而言,速度分析云圖可以提供比較準確的定位。分析和討論了速度分析和偏移成像基本原理。依據(jù)幾何地震學的原理,研究和分析了隧道地震超前預報中基于反射界面與此檢波器和各個炮點之間的時距關系的速度分析和偏移成像技術�；跀�(shù)值模型研究和評價了斷層和溶洞不良地質體的速度分析和偏移成像的有效性和影響因素。研究表明,對于直立斷層模型,TSPwin提取的反射層位與模型實際層位基本一致,傾斜斷層模型及溶洞模型均相差較大,這可能是前期波場分離時采用線性Radon變換所致。速度云圖可以比較準確的對空洞定位。在速度分析和偏移成像網(wǎng)格劃分時,對隧道地震超前預報來說,按照默認值1m來設置即可滿足要求�；跀�(shù)值模擬和工程實際相結合,研究分析了震源在松動圈內埋設與松動圈外埋設時的地震波場。依據(jù)檢波器埋設的不同,組成四種情形的時間記錄,采用TSPwin對時間記錄進行了處理,提取到其相應的反射界面。研究表明：當震源與檢波器都在或者其中之一在松動圈時,經過TSPwin軟件處理提取到的反射界面位置比實際位置偏后。最后,應用前面章節(jié)的研究成果到實際工程的地質超前預報中,通過預報結果與開挖結果的對比,兩者具有良好的符合性,提高了隧道地質超前預報準確率。進一步驗證了研究成果有效性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the tunnel earthquake prediction technology (TSP) has become the main method for geological prediction in the construction of deep and long tunnel construction in railway, highway and hydropower projects in China. However, the current literature mainly focuses on the analysis of its practical application effect, and the theoretical understanding of the wave field characteristics under the complex conditions of the tunnel and the separation of wave fields, The research and analysis of the efficiency and influencing factors of the core processing techniques such as velocity analysis and migration imaging are seldom published. Therefore, it is very important for the engineering application background to develop the numerical simulation of the tunnel earthquake prediction technology and improve the accuracy of the tunnel geological prediction. It is also of great theoretical significance to promote the development of the tunnel earthquake prediction method. In this paper, the ANSYS finite element numerical simulation software is used to simulate the two dimensional numerical simulation of the full wave field of the TSP tunnel seismic wave. The wave propagation and the wave propagation mode wave is studied when the seismic wave propagation is encountered in the bad geological body and the tunnel junction interface. Field characteristics; based on the numerical model, the main core processing techniques in the TSP system are studied: the effective reflection wave extraction technology in front of the face of the palm and the velocity analysis and migration imaging technology, and the combination of the numerical simulation and the engineering practice. The main characteristics of the influence of the embedded depth of the sensor in the surrounding rock loose circle on the received signal are studied and analyzed. The research contents are as follows: firstly, the common geological hazards in tunnel engineering are analyzed and summarized. The engineering geological characteristics of the common important coal seam gas, fault, highland stress, karst cave and other geological diseases are introduced in detail. The engineering sites of two typical tunnel geological diseases, such as faults and karst caves, are emphatically analyzed. Based on the theory of seismic wave field and the dynamic structural analysis module of ANSYS software, the numerical simulation of the two-dimensional tunnel seismic wave field is realized. The numerical simulation of the tunnel seismic wave field of different modes, such as vertical single layer, vertical multi layer, 60 degree tilt and 30 degrees, is simulated and analyzed in tunnel. Seismic wave field propagation and recording features. Numerical simulation of tunnel seismic wave fields of different scales, such as 3M and 20m radii, is carried out to analyze the propagation and recording characteristics of the wave fields. The study also focuses on the propagation and recording characteristics of RSSR waves. The feasibility foundation of the numerical simulation research and evaluation of heart technology is laid. First, the basic principle of Radon transformation is analyzed and discussed, and its application foundation in the wave field separation of the tunnel earthquake prediction is analyzed and discussed. Based on the numerical model of the fault, the tau -p transformation of the discrete linear Radon transformation in the TSPwin is studied and evaluated. The application validity, the influence factor and the processing parameter selection. The study shows that the linear Radon transformation can be used to separate the reflected waves. The reflection waves separated from the 900600300 three models can be seen that the erect case F separation is best and the 30. tilt separation is the worst. The main reason is that the time distance relation of the erect or the steep model is linear, and the Radon transform is When the model is inclined, the time distance relation is hyperbolic when the model is inclined, but the Radon transformation used in the treatment is linear, so the separation effect is poor. For the karst cave model, the wave field separation of the tau -p transformation also has strong interference waves, but as the diameter of the cave is close to or larger than the first Phoenix belt, it dissolves. The cavity is closer to the reflector and the reflected wave energy is getting stronger and stronger. In addition, based on the dynamic characteristics of RSSR, the spatial direction filtering method of P-S wave is studied and the credibility of the proposed spatial direction filtering method is analyzed and evaluated. The filtering angle of the reflected wave is set to 900, which can effectively eliminate the interference wave. Separation of P and S waves. And for the karst cave model, velocity analysis can provide more accurate positioning. The basic principle of velocity analysis and migration imaging is analyzed and discussed. Based on the principle of geometric seismology, the relationship between the reflection interface and the time distance between the geophone and the various gun points in the tunnel earthquake prediction is studied and analyzed. Velocity analysis and migration imaging technology. Based on the numerical model, the validity and influence factors of velocity analysis and migration imaging of faults and karst cave bodies are studied and evaluated. The study shows that for the vertical fault model, the reflection horizon extracted by TSPwin is consistent with the actual base of the model, the oblique fault model and the cave model are homogeneous. The difference is larger. This may be caused by linear Radon transformation in the early phase separation. The velocity cloud map can be more accurate for the cavity location. When the velocity analysis and migration imaging grid are divided, the default value 1m can be set up to meet the requirements. The seismic wave field which is buried outside the loose circle in the loose circle is analyzed. According to the difference of the geophone embedding, the time record of four cases is formed. The time record is processed by TSPwin and the corresponding reflection interface is extracted. The study shows that when the source and detector are in or one of them are loosened, TS The location of the reflected interface extracted by the Pwin software is less than the actual position. Finally, using the research results of the preceding chapters to the geological prediction of the actual project, the comparison between the prediction results and the excavation results has a good coincidence, which improves the accuracy of the tunnel geological prediction. Further verification has been made of the research results. Efficiency.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U452.11;P631.4

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