本文選題：微鉆試驗(yàn)臺(tái) + 鉆進(jìn)參數(shù)　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速提高，國家對(duì)能源資源的需求不斷加大。但如今能源資源開發(fā)難度比以前更具有挑戰(zhàn)性，鉆進(jìn)巖層硬度比以往更加堅(jiān)硬。由于開采地下資源每年所要消耗的資金以及材料成本越來越高，所以鉆探技術(shù)的提高以及鉆進(jìn)工藝的選擇越來越重要。鉆孔施工過程中鉆頭的質(zhì)量，直接影響鉆井施工進(jìn)度。研制鉆進(jìn)效率高、成本低廉、使用壽命長的新型鉆頭顯得尤為重要。針對(duì)地質(zhì)、有色、煤田、石油等部門對(duì)鉆頭研制與測(cè)試的需求，研發(fā)電液微鉆試驗(yàn)臺(tái)，以下簡稱微鉆試驗(yàn)臺(tái)，用來對(duì)新研制的鉆頭進(jìn)行性能測(cè)試，，是非常有意義的。 微鉆試驗(yàn)臺(tái)可模擬真實(shí)鉆進(jìn)情況，具有巖樣移載運(yùn)動(dòng)、動(dòng)力頭回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)以及給進(jìn)或提升運(yùn)動(dòng)等。能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)鉆進(jìn)過程中各項(xiàng)鉆進(jìn)參數(shù)(鉆壓、鉆速、扭矩、轉(zhuǎn)速及進(jìn)尺)的監(jiān)測(cè)、采集、處理及存儲(chǔ)功能，還可建立鉆進(jìn)參數(shù)報(bào)表文件數(shù)據(jù)庫。根據(jù)微鉆試驗(yàn)臺(tái)總體方案要求進(jìn)行任務(wù)分解，對(duì)微鉆試驗(yàn)臺(tái)整體劃分為兩部分，即主機(jī)部分與控制系統(tǒng)部分。 確定微鉆試驗(yàn)臺(tái)基本要求、微鉆試驗(yàn)臺(tái)主要組成及總體布局、微鉆試驗(yàn)臺(tái)工作原理。對(duì)微鉆試驗(yàn)臺(tái)鉆參數(shù)進(jìn)行理論計(jì)算，即分別對(duì)動(dòng)力頭回轉(zhuǎn)速度、動(dòng)力頭輸出扭矩以及沖洗液泵量進(jìn)行理論計(jì)算。根據(jù)微鉆試驗(yàn)臺(tái)基本要求分別對(duì)巖樣箱、主機(jī)機(jī)架部件、活動(dòng)橫梁、動(dòng)力頭、外罩進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)完畢對(duì)主機(jī)各個(gè)部件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一裝配。 微鉆試驗(yàn)臺(tái)控制系統(tǒng)包括液壓控制系統(tǒng)和參數(shù)檢測(cè)與控制系統(tǒng)兩部分。首先對(duì)液壓控制系統(tǒng)的分類做了簡單的介紹。其次根據(jù)微鉆試驗(yàn)臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)要求，液壓控制系統(tǒng)需要驅(qū)動(dòng)動(dòng)力頭的給進(jìn)以及回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)，并可實(shí)現(xiàn)液壓馬達(dá)無級(jí)調(diào)速特性。對(duì)微鉆的液壓控制系統(tǒng)給進(jìn)回路以及回轉(zhuǎn)回路負(fù)載特性進(jìn)行了分析。根據(jù)計(jì)算得出的鉆進(jìn)參數(shù)（動(dòng)力頭回轉(zhuǎn)速度、輸出的扭矩，沖洗液的泵量）以及微鉆工況需求，對(duì)液壓泵、液壓馬達(dá)以及相關(guān)零件進(jìn)行選型，并確定微鉆鉆進(jìn)參數(shù)。對(duì)液壓動(dòng)力泵站進(jìn)行整體設(shè)計(jì)，使其控制集中，操作方便、外觀美觀等特點(diǎn)。 最后對(duì)微鉆試驗(yàn)臺(tái)鉆進(jìn)參數(shù)檢測(cè)與控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)分析。對(duì)參數(shù)檢測(cè)原理做了簡單介紹，分別對(duì)鉆進(jìn)壓力、回轉(zhuǎn)速度、鉆進(jìn)速度以及進(jìn)尺深度檢測(cè)原理進(jìn)行分析并對(duì)相應(yīng)的各類傳感器進(jìn)行了選型。 部件設(shè)計(jì)、選型完畢，安裝微鉆試驗(yàn)臺(tái)并進(jìn)行調(diào)試試驗(yàn)。通過試驗(yàn)得出數(shù)據(jù)曲線圖進(jìn)行分析。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明：微鉆鉆進(jìn)過程中，微鉆試驗(yàn)臺(tái)整體性能穩(wěn)定，檢驗(yàn)了微鉆試驗(yàn)臺(tái)運(yùn)行的平穩(wěn)性，達(dá)到預(yù)期目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national economy, the demand for energy resources is increasing. But the development of energy resources is more challenging than ever, and drilling into rock is harder than ever. The improvement of drilling technology and the selection of drilling technology are becoming more and more important because of the increasing cost of funds and materials needed to exploit underground resources every year. The quality of drill bit in drilling process directly affects drilling progress. It is very important to develop new drilling bit with high drilling efficiency, low cost and long service life. In order to meet the demands of geological, nonferrous, coalfield and petroleum departments for the development and testing of drill bits, it is of great significance to develop an electro-hydraulic microdrill test-bed, which can be used to test the performance of newly developed drill bits. The microdrill test rig can simulate the real drilling conditions, including the movement of rock sample load, the movement of rotary power head, and the movement of feed or lift, etc. It can realize the monitoring, collecting, processing and storing functions of drilling parameters (drilling pressure, drilling speed, torque, rotational speed and ruler) during drilling, and can also establish the database of drilling parameter report forms. According to the requirements of the overall scheme of the microdrill test rig, the task is decomposed, and the whole test rig is divided into two parts, namely, the main part and the control system part. To determine the basic requirements of the micro-drill test bench, the main composition and overall layout of the micro-drilling test bed, the principle of micro-drilling test bed. The drilling parameters of microdrill test bench are calculated theoretically, that is, the rotary speed of the power head, the output torque of the power head and the quantity of the flushing fluid pump are calculated respectively. According to the basic requirements of the microdrill test bench, the rock sample box, main frame parts, movable beam, power head and outer cover are designed respectively. After the design, all parts of the main machine are assembled in a unified way. The control system of microdrill test-bed consists of hydraulic control system and parameter detection and control system. Firstly, the classification of hydraulic control system is introduced briefly. Secondly, according to the design requirements of the micro-drill test rig, the hydraulic control system needs to drive the feed of the power head and the rotary movement, and can realize the stepless speed regulation characteristics of the hydraulic motor. The load characteristics of feed loop and rotary loop of micro drill hydraulic control system are analyzed. According to the calculated drilling parameters (rotary speed of power head, output torque, pump quantity of flushing fluid) and the requirement of micro-drilling condition, the hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor and related parts are selected, and the drilling parameters of micro-drilling are determined. The integral design of hydraulic power pump station is carried out to make its control centralized, easy to operate, beautiful appearance and so on. Finally, the drilling parameter detection and control system of microdrill test bench is designed and analyzed. This paper briefly introduces the principle of parameter detection, analyzes the principles of drilling pressure, rotary speed, drilling speed and depth of advance, respectively, and selects the corresponding sensors. The components are designed and selected, and the micro drill test bench is installed and debugged. The data curve is analyzed by experiment. The experimental results show that the whole performance of the microdrill test-bed is stable and the running stability of the micro-drilling test-bed is verified and the expected goal is achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P634

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