本文選題：高寒強(qiáng)震山區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：溝谷災(zāi)害鏈　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著極端天氣和地質(zhì)事件增多,我國泥石流堵塞大河事件頻發(fā)；此外,在海洋性冰川覆蓋區(qū),冰川泥石流堵河和冰磧堰塞湖潰決一直是高發(fā)事件。嚴(yán)重影響著人們的生命財產(chǎn)安全,制約著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,防災(zāi)減災(zāi)問題提上日程。論文選取汶川地震災(zāi)區(qū)岷江流域和藏東南帕隆藏布流域兩個為研究區(qū)。首先,以汶川地震后岷江流域石流堵塞大河事件為對象,采用現(xiàn)場調(diào)查、室內(nèi)水槽實(shí)驗(yàn)和理論分析相結(jié)合的手段,研究泥石流堵塞大河判據(jù),并為下一步帕隆藏布流域國道318沿線泥石流堵河危險性分析奠定基礎(chǔ)。其次,結(jié)合泥石流堵河壅水高度,利用帕隆藏布流域冰磧臺地連片分布的特點(diǎn),進(jìn)行初步布線探究。最后,通過大型振動臺試驗(yàn),初步研究地震涌浪與冰湖潰決的關(guān)系。本文研究結(jié)果如下：(1)依據(jù)Takahashi泥石流在坡度變化溝道中的運(yùn)動公式,考慮泥石流進(jìn)入主河后受主河河床阻力和河水頂托阻力,給出泥石流在主河中運(yùn)移的動力學(xué)方程,推導(dǎo)出泥石流在主河中的運(yùn)移距離計(jì)算公式。通過分析野外調(diào)查的泥石流物質(zhì)總量與堵塞系數(shù)數(shù)據(jù),給出泥石流與堵塞系數(shù)的公式為y=76x-30。同時對室內(nèi)水槽實(shí)驗(yàn)得出泥石流物質(zhì)總量與堵塞系數(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)與野外調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行歸一化處理分析,驗(yàn)證了現(xiàn)場調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)擬合的計(jì)算公式的斜率具有普適性。因此,泥石流物質(zhì)總量與阻塞系數(shù)可用一般式y(tǒng)=76x+b表示(其中b值可根據(jù)具體的流域中的一條溝的數(shù)據(jù)得出)。該公式可用以快速估計(jì)該流域其他泥石流溝堵河的泥石流物質(zhì)總量。泥石流的物質(zhì)組構(gòu)決定了泥石流壩體在大河中能否穩(wěn)定存在,利用滲流理論推導(dǎo)出泥石流在主河中形成穩(wěn)定壩體的條件是泥石流物質(zhì)中大顆粒所占比例大于50%,通過對典型泥石流溝-高家溝(映秀-汶川段)進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場調(diào)查,并對采集的樣品進(jìn)行室內(nèi)大直剪實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了泥石流在大河中形成穩(wěn)定壩體的條件是泥石流物質(zhì)中的大顆粒含量占50%以上。(2)通過對帕隆藏布流域的泥石流溝現(xiàn)場普查,典型泥石流溝的詳查,結(jié)合收集到的歷史資料分析,給出帕隆藏布流域按不同水動力條件的泥石流溝分布圖、泥石流堵河嚴(yán)重性圖。并結(jié)合主河的河谷形態(tài)及泥石流溝堵河的嚴(yán)重程度對帕隆藏布流域泥石流堵河進(jìn)行危險性評估,給出泥石流堵河危險性評估圖。(3)考慮溝谷災(zāi)害鏈導(dǎo)致干流水位大幅度提高,在峽谷段大段落采用高線位方案,以規(guī)避干流中發(fā)生的超常水害。通過現(xiàn)場調(diào)查及帕隆藏布流域航衛(wèi)片的分析,繪制帕隆藏布流域山麓地帶地貌分布圖,對現(xiàn)場采集的冰磧物進(jìn)行室內(nèi)大直剪實(shí)驗(yàn)得出冰磧物具有良好的工程性質(zhì),可作為路基填料。通過分析冰磧臺地的高度并結(jié)合歷史上泥石流一次性堵河的案例,得出冰磧臺地滿足線位高于泥石流一次堵河的洪水位高度的要求,并利用冰磧臺地進(jìn)行了鐵路線路初步設(shè)計(jì)。(4)通過大型振動臺水箱模型實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M地震造成的地震水波。以臥龍波(2008.5.12汶川地震,主頻1Hz高頻)、Mexicali波(主頻1Hz低頻)、通麥波(人工合成波,高頻)、白噪聲(測振動臺模型的自振頻率)為擾動源,以初始水深為35cm為初始條件開展對比實(shí)驗(yàn)。利用去趨勢互相關(guān)分析方法對游泳池數(shù)據(jù)、實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)和現(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對比分析,驗(yàn)證振動臺實(shí)驗(yàn)的可行性。對振動臺水箱模型實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析建立了地震峰值加速度與地震涌浪峰值的模型。以帕隆藏布流域米堆冰湖為案例,對比分析冰磧湖潰決的臨界水文條件,利用地震峰值加速度與地震涌浪模型,對冰湖潰決進(jìn)行危險性判識。
[Abstract]:With the increase of extreme weather and geological events, China River debris flow events occurred frequently; in addition, in the area covered by marine glaciers, glacial debris flow blocking the river and moraine dammed lake outburst has been the high incidence of events. A serious impact on people's life and property safety, restricting economic development, disaster prevention and mitigation issues on the agenda. The paper selected Wenchuan earthquake the disaster area of Minjiang River Basin and Southeast Tibet two Palongzangbu basin as the study area. First of all, in Wenchuan after the earthquake of Minjiang River stone river flow blocking events as the object, through field investigation, indoor flume experiment and theoretical analysis method of combining research of debris flow, river and river as the criterion, risk analysis to lay the foundation for the next block step Palongzangbu Basin National Highway 318 along the debris flow. Secondly, combined with the debris flow blocking the river backwater, the Palongzangbu basin moraine platform of regional distribution characteristics, the initial Step routing inquiry. Finally, through the shaking table test, a preliminary study on the relationship between seismic surge wave and glacial lake outburst. The results of this study are as follows: (1) based on the Takahashi equation of motion of debris flow on the slope change in the channel, consider the debris flow into the main River after the river river backwater acceptor resistance and resistance, dynamic equation of debris flow movement in the main river, the migration distance calculation formula deduced in the main river in debris flow. Through the analysis of the total debris flow field investigation and blockage coefficient data, given the debris flow and the blockage coefficient formula for y= 76x-30. at the same time that the total amount of debris flow and blockage coefficient on the flume experiment data and field survey data were normalized to verify the calculation formula of slope analysis, field investigation data fitting is universal. Therefore, the total amount of debris flow and congestion line number Represented by the general formula y=76x+b (wherein B value can be obtained according to a channel specific watershed in the data). The formula can be used to quickly estimate the other basin debris flow blocking the river. The total amount of debris flow material group debris flow determines the debris flow dam construction can stable exist in the river, based on percolation theory is deduced the formation of debris flow in the main river dam stability conditions are large granular debris flow in the proportion of more than 50%, according to the typical debris flow ditch gaojiagou (Yingxiu Wenchuan section) were surveyed, and the collection of samples for indoor direct shear test, verified the formation of debris flow dam in the river in stable conditions is the large particle content in debris flow accounted for more than 50%. (2) through the field survey of debris flow of Palongzangbu basin, typical debris flow investigation, combined with the collected historical data analysis, are given The Palongzangbu river basin according to the distribution of debris flow in different hydrodynamic conditions, the debris flow blocking the river. The severity of severity and combined with the valley morphology and debris flow blocking the river on the main river Palongzangbu river blocking Valley debris flow risk assessment, risk assessment of debris flow are blocking the river. (3) to mainstream the water level increased greatly considering gully disaster chain, using a wire in the gorge scheme to avoid big paragraph, the main stream water. Through the investigation and analysis of abnormal Palongzangbu basin site satellite images, drawing the Palongzangbu basin Piedmont topographicmaps, the moraine collected indoor large direct shear experiment results show that the moraine Engineering property is good, can be used as roadbed filler. Through the analysis of platform height and moraine combined with the history of debris flow blocking the river disposable case, draw the line in a high platform to meet the moraine In a debris flow blocking the river flood height requirement, and the preliminary design of the railway line. The moraine platform (4) by large-scale shaking table model to simulate seismic wave tank caused by the earthquake. In Wolong (2008.5.12 Wenchuan earthquake wave frequency 1Hz high frequency Mexicali wave (1Hz), frequency of low frequency), Tangmai wave (synthetic wave, high frequency), white noise (vibration frequency vibration table model) as the disturbance source, the initial water depth of 35cm to carry out comparative experimental initial conditions. Using detrended cross correlation analysis method of data pool, experimental data and field data were analyzed to verify the feasibility of shaking table experiment the experiment data of tank model is established through the analysis of the seismic peak acceleration and peak seismic surge wave model for the shaking table. The Palongzangbu basin rice pile ice lake as an example, analyzed the critical hydrological condition of moraine dammed lake outburst, The peak acceleration of earthquake and earthquake wave model of glacial lake outburst risk identification.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P642.23

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本文編號：1705162