本文選題：江口溝泥石流　切入點：發(fā)育特征　出處：《西南交通大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：泥石流是一種常見的山地地質(zhì)災害,由于其暴發(fā)突然、運動迅速,常對人類生產(chǎn)生活構成嚴重威脅。泥石流堆積區(qū)是其淤積泛濫的部位,然而由于其地勢相對平坦,許多山區(qū)的城鎮(zhèn)安置在泥石流堆積區(qū)上,這為許多泥石流災難的形成埋下了隱患。由于對泥石流危險區(qū)范圍預測不足,近年來在我國西南部相繼發(fā)生的多起大型泥石流災害(如2009—2013年間在汶川、北川、綿竹等地暴發(fā)的文家溝、紅椿溝、七盤溝等泥石流)不僅損毀了溝口堆積區(qū)的災后重建成果,更對災區(qū)人民的生命財產(chǎn)造成了重大損失。目前國內(nèi)外對泥石流的危險區(qū)預測一般是利用基于統(tǒng)計學的經(jīng)驗公式或數(shù)學模型進行,但預測結果常常與實際差別較大,因此,探索出一種客觀、可信的泥石流危險區(qū)范圍預測技術顯得非常必要。泥石流的數(shù)值模擬技術不僅可以反演、再現(xiàn)泥石流的運動發(fā)展過程,還能對泥石流災害進行預測,為防災減災工作提供指導借鑒,近年來逐漸受到國內(nèi)外學者的重視。論文通過現(xiàn)場勘查測繪,從區(qū)域地質(zhì)環(huán)境條件和泥石流發(fā)育特征綜合研究了江口溝泥石流的形成條件；在此基礎上對泥石流的運動特征和動力特性進行了計算；最后將大型計算流體動力學軟件CFX引入到泥石流危險范圍預測領域,對江口溝泥石流治理前后的危險區(qū)范圍進行了三維流場數(shù)值模擬。主要結論有：(1)闡述了研究區(qū)區(qū)域地質(zhì)背景,從地形條件、物源條件、水源條件三個方面研究了江口溝泥石流的形成條件。根據(jù)“雨洪法”計算確定了泥石流動力學參數(shù),調(diào)查分析了江口溝泥石流暴發(fā)歷史和暴發(fā)頻率。(2)建立了江口溝泥石流堆積區(qū)三維流體模型,使用大型計算流體動力學軟件CFX對泥石流在堆積區(qū)的運動過程進行了三維流場數(shù)值模擬,得到了泥石流在堆積區(qū)堆積泛濫的完整過程和較準確的危險范圍。(3)提出了“攔渣壩+防護堤+排導槽”的綜合治理措施,并對治理后的泥石流運動過程和危險區(qū)范圍進行了模擬,模擬結果證明了治理工程的可行性。基于CFX的泥石流數(shù)值模擬技術能夠克服主觀人為因素對危險范圍預測精度的影響,得到較為準確的泥石流危險區(qū)范圍,為泥石流治理工程設計提供指導借鑒。相信采用該方法對我國西南部廣大受泥石流威脅的地區(qū)進行拓展研究,應能在城鎮(zhèn)建筑選址、山區(qū)鐵路選線等領域起到預防預測、避規(guī)風險的作用。
[Abstract]:Debris flow is a common geological disaster in mountainous areas. Because of its sudden and rapid movement, debris flow often poses a serious threat to human production and life.Debris flow accumulation area is the site of its siltation and flooding. However, because of its relatively flat topography, many towns in mountainous areas are located in debris flow accumulation areas, which has buried hidden dangers for the formation of many debris flow disasters.Due to insufficient prediction of the scope of debris flow risk areas, there have been many large debris flow disasters in the southwest of China in recent years (such as Wenjiagou and Hongchun gully, which broke out in Wenchuan, Beichuan, Mianzhu and other places between 2009-2013, etc.)The debris flow in Qipangou not only damaged the post-disaster reconstruction results in the gully mouth accumulation area, but also caused great loss of life and property to the people in the disaster area.At present, the prediction of debris flow risk areas at home and abroad is usually carried out by using empirical formulas or mathematical models based on statistics, but the results of prediction are often quite different from the actual ones. Therefore, an objective method is explored.It is necessary to predict the range of debris flow hazard area.The numerical simulation technology of debris flow can not only invert and reproduce the development process of debris flow, but also predict the debris flow disaster and provide guidance for disaster prevention and mitigation. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have gradually attached importance to it.In this paper, the formation conditions of debris flow in Jiangkou gully are studied synthetically from the regional geological environment condition and debris flow development characteristics, and the motion and dynamic characteristics of debris flow are calculated on the basis of field surveying and mapping.Finally, the large-scale computational fluid dynamics software CFX is introduced to predict the hazard range of debris flow, and the three dimensional flow field of the dangerous area before and after the debris flow control in Jiangkou gully is numerically simulated.The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the regional geological background of the study area is expounded, and the formation conditions of debris flow in the estuary are studied from three aspects: topographic condition, provenance condition and water source condition.According to the calculation of "Rain Flood method", the dynamic parameters of debris flow are determined, the history and frequency of debris flow in Jiangkou gully are investigated and analyzed, and the three-dimensional fluid model of debris flow accumulation area in Jiangkou ditch is established.A large computational fluid dynamics software (CFX) was used to simulate the movement of debris flow in the accumulation area.The complete process of accumulation and flooding of debris flow in the accumulation area and the more accurate danger range are obtained.The movement process of debris flow and the range of dangerous area are simulated, and the simulation results prove the feasibility of the project.It is believed that the application of this method to the study of the vast areas threatened by debris flow in the southwest of China should be able to prevent prediction and avoid the risks in the fields of urban building location and railway line selection in mountainous areas.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P642.23

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本文編號：1703039