本文選題：隨鉆地震　切入點(diǎn)：隨鉆振動(dòng)錄井　出處：《中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨鉆地震方法是將鉆頭與地層作用產(chǎn)生的震動(dòng)作為震源的一種新型地震勘探方法,在廣義上可以分為隨鉆振動(dòng)錄井、鉆頭隨鉆地震(DB-SWD)和隨鉆VSP三種技術(shù)類(lèi)別,本文對(duì)隨鉆振動(dòng)錄井進(jìn)行了多種的實(shí)驗(yàn),并對(duì)鉆頭隨鉆地震作出理論探討。首先,介紹了巖石的力學(xué)性質(zhì),尤其是與鉆具作用密切的彈性、強(qiáng)度、塑性、硬度。又對(duì)鉆頭沖擊、切削巖石的運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)制和和受力分析情況做出探討,具體分析了對(duì)應(yīng)著沖擊—切削、切削圍巖運(yùn)動(dòng)模式的兩種典型鉆頭牙輪鉆頭與PDC鉆頭。闡述了鉆柱振動(dòng)的三種基本形式,即:縱向振動(dòng)、扭轉(zhuǎn)振動(dòng)和橫向振動(dòng),對(duì)其運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律和固有頻率計(jì)算進(jìn)行了分析。在隨鉆地震信號(hào)的處理方法這一環(huán)節(jié),重點(diǎn)研究了短時(shí)傅立葉變換與相關(guān)分析兩種分析方法,并提出了實(shí)際可行的應(yīng)用步驟。通過(guò)給時(shí)域振動(dòng)信號(hào)進(jìn)行加滑動(dòng)窗進(jìn)行快速傅里葉變換來(lái)實(shí)時(shí)地計(jì)算隨鉆地震信號(hào)的頻譜圖,實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)—頻信號(hào)的對(duì)應(yīng)。通過(guò)自相關(guān)算法可提取隨鉆地震信號(hào)的時(shí)域波形特征,使用互相關(guān)算法把地層直達(dá)波、反射波信號(hào)從雜亂的鉆柱參考信號(hào)中提取出來(lái)。并對(duì)具有時(shí)延性的底層反射波信號(hào)進(jìn)行整形處理。開(kāi)發(fā)了隨鉆地震的采集儀器與應(yīng)用軟件,并在室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)場(chǎng)和礦井巷道中進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果對(duì)不同巖性的分層判定作出解釋,并對(duì)頻率域信號(hào)中的有效成分從干擾噪聲中提取出來(lái),確定分析鉆機(jī)振動(dòng)和巖性識(shí)別的頻帶分布范圍�，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)煤層鉆探實(shí)驗(yàn),可以識(shí)別煤層、夾矸與頂?shù)装�。提出隨鉆地震方法應(yīng)用的注意細(xì)節(jié)。
[Abstract]:Seismic while drilling method is to produce vibration of drill bit and formation effect as a new seismic exploration method of source, can be divided into drilling vibration logging in a broad sense, the drill bit drilling seismic while drilling (DB-SWD) and VSP three technology categories, based on the drilling of a vibration logging experiment, and drill for drilling seismic make theoretical discussion. Firstly, the mechanical properties of rocks, especially the close and drill effect elasticity, plasticity, strength, hardness and impact. The drill, force and motion mechanism of rock cutting analysis on the concrete analysis of the corresponding impact - cutting, cutting rock movement the two typical bit and PDC bit. Introduces the three basic forms, namely: the longitudinal vibration of drillstring vibration, torsional vibration and lateral vibration, the motion law and natural frequency are analyzed. In the drilling. Processing method of seismic signal in this part focuses on the short-term Fu Liye transform and correlation analysis of two kinds of analysis methods, and puts forward the practical application steps. By adding a sliding window to compute with the spectrum of drilling seismic signal using the fast Fourier transform to the vibration signal, the corresponding frequency signal to achieve time through the self correlation algorithm can be extracted with the waveform features of drilling seismic signal, using a cross-correlation algorithm to the formation of direct wave, reflected wave signal from a reference signal extracted from the drill column. And the ductility of the bottom layer with reflection wave signal shaping processing. With the development and application of drilling seismic acquisition instrument software the experiments were carried out using indoor test field and mine roadway. Through analysis of experimental data of different lithology determine hierarchical explanation, and the signal in the frequency domain The effective components are extracted from the interference noise, and the frequency distribution range of the drilling machine vibration and lithology identification is determined. The field coal seam drilling experiment can identify the coal seam, the gangue and the roof and floor.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P631.4

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