本文關(guān)鍵詞： 超聲波振動(dòng)時(shí)間 巖石損傷 時(shí)間閾值　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,礦產(chǎn)資源的勘探深度越來越大,硬巖地層越來越多,各國學(xué)者將解決硬巖鉆進(jìn)的基本問題集中在聲波振動(dòng)碎巖,超聲波振動(dòng)碎巖以其所需軸向力小,大體積破碎,設(shè)備輕便,有利降低鉆進(jìn)成本等優(yōu)點(diǎn)深受各國喜愛。超聲波振動(dòng)碎巖運(yùn)用超聲波碎巖裝置將放大后的機(jī)械振幅沿著鉆桿、鉆頭,施加到巖石上。當(dāng)巖石固有頻率和施加給巖石的機(jī)械振動(dòng)頻率相等時(shí)發(fā)生共振,使巖樣發(fā)生破壞,最終達(dá)到超聲波振動(dòng)碎巖的目的。但巖石由于自身材料的特殊性,包括節(jié)理、裂隙、孔洞等不可預(yù)見的損傷,巖石成為人工利用的天然材料中最為復(fù)雜的一種材料,隨著超聲波振動(dòng)碎巖時(shí)間的延長,巖石內(nèi)部孔隙開裂擴(kuò)展,其內(nèi)部進(jìn)一步發(fā)育大量不規(guī)則、多尺寸的孔隙,進(jìn)而影響巖石的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)。因此本文采用理論分析、有限元數(shù)值模擬與試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方法,探尋隨著時(shí)間延長超聲波振動(dòng)對花崗巖孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)及強(qiáng)度的損傷規(guī)律。目前對超聲波振動(dòng)碎巖做了大量試驗(yàn),但超聲波振動(dòng)時(shí)間對碎巖效果的研究幾乎是空白,所以超聲波振動(dòng)碎巖振動(dòng)時(shí)間的研究,對進(jìn)一步提高超聲波碎巖效果具有重要參考意義。研究巖石在超聲波不同振動(dòng)時(shí)間下,強(qiáng)度下降的規(guī)律、巖石損傷規(guī)律(孔隙大小、多少變化規(guī)律),為下步將超聲波振動(dòng)器應(yīng)用于硬巖鉆進(jìn),深部探測,研發(fā)超聲波振動(dòng)碎巖鉆機(jī)提供理論指導(dǎo)。采用巖石的疲勞破壞、損傷力學(xué)和格里菲斯理論對超聲波振動(dòng)時(shí)間對碎巖損傷影響規(guī)律的問題進(jìn)行研究,得出超聲波振動(dòng)下巖石損傷機(jī)理:超聲波振動(dòng)隨著振動(dòng)時(shí)間的延長,疲勞碎巖存在最小閾值時(shí)間,只有當(dāng)超聲波振動(dòng)時(shí)間大于該最小閾值時(shí)間時(shí),加載能量使花崗巖內(nèi)部微裂紋開裂匯聚為中裂紋,低于時(shí)間閾值時(shí)超聲波振動(dòng)能量導(dǎo)致花崗巖內(nèi)部損傷累積,花崗巖發(fā)發(fā)育微裂紋。采用ANSYS有限元進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)模擬關(guān)于超聲波振動(dòng)時(shí)間對碎巖損傷影響規(guī)律的問題進(jìn)行研究。建立了符合實(shí)際的非均質(zhì)巖石模型,通過計(jì)算機(jī)強(qiáng)大的運(yùn)算能力得出隨著時(shí)間延長超聲波振動(dòng)對花崗巖不同的損傷程度,并提出超聲波振動(dòng)時(shí)間閾值(仿真分析得到時(shí)間閾值在15-20分鐘之間),對于進(jìn)一步提高超聲波振動(dòng)碎巖,為試驗(yàn)提供理論指導(dǎo)。采用核磁共振試驗(yàn)和單軸抗壓強(qiáng)度測試對超聲波振動(dòng)時(shí)間對碎巖損傷影響規(guī)律進(jìn)行研究,得出:1.超聲波頻率作用下不同時(shí)間對脆性材料破壞規(guī)律,強(qiáng)度下降,孔隙變化情況,為定量分析巖體結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞形式打下試驗(yàn)方面的基礎(chǔ)。2.超聲波頻率振動(dòng)下非均勻巖樣中包含了從微觀到宏觀的各種尺寸的缺陷,巖樣從原始狀態(tài)直到最終破壞的整個(gè)過程中,裂紋擴(kuò)展匯合微小裂紋在數(shù)目增多的狀況下逐漸發(fā)育為大尺寸裂紋。超聲波振動(dòng)碎巖一般經(jīng)歷四個(gè)階段:第一階段(0-10分鐘):巖石在疲勞作用下內(nèi)部初始損傷發(fā)育,振動(dòng)對巖石內(nèi)部裂紋的影響較小主要集中在巖石淺層部分;第二階段(15-20分鐘):微裂紋開裂擴(kuò)展,巖石初始損傷開始進(jìn)一步加劇,巖石經(jīng)過損傷累積階段此時(shí)超聲波振動(dòng)能量用于微裂紋開裂,裂紋在低應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下進(jìn)入裂紋開裂臨界值;第三階段(20-25分鐘):裂紋處于平穩(wěn)發(fā)展階段,時(shí)間的延長能夠?qū)Τ暡ㄕ駝?dòng)下巖石破碎效率的提高起到促進(jìn)作用,但遞增幅度平緩,疲勞碎巖過程巖樣裂紋以穩(wěn)定速度擴(kuò)展開裂;第四階段(25-30分鐘):巖石進(jìn)入損傷快速累積階段,巖石發(fā)生裂紋的擴(kuò)展速度加快,內(nèi)部大裂紋匯合貫通,巖石的強(qiáng)度下降速率大幅度升高,從而出現(xiàn)巖石損傷和破壞導(dǎo)致巖樣斷裂。
[Abstract]:In recent years, mineral resources exploration depth is more and more big, hard rock more and more scholars will solve the basic problems of hard rock drilling in rock acoustic vibration, ultrasonic vibration of broken rock with its required axial force is small, large volume breaking, portable equipment, reduce drilling cost into favorable advantages by countries like the use of ultrasonic. Ultrasonic vibration of broken rock broken rock mechanical device will be amplified along the drill pipe, drill bit, applied to the rock. When the resonance frequency and applied to solid rock mechanical vibration frequency equal to the rock, the rock failure, and ultimately achieve the purpose of ultrasonic vibration of broken rock. But because of the particularity of the rock. The materials including joints, cracks, holes and other unforeseen injuries, rocks become the most complex materials in artificial natural materials utilization, with the extension of ultrasonic vibration time of broken rock, rock The internal pore expansion cracking, the further development of a large number of irregular, multi pore size, thereby affecting the physical and mechanical properties of rock. So this paper uses the method of theoretical analysis, finite element numerical simulation combining with experiment, explore with the time of ultrasonic vibration damage law of granite pore structure and strength. At present, a great deal of testing the ultrasonic vibration of broken rock, but the research on rock ultrasonic vibration time effect is almost empty, so the ultrasonic vibration time of rock broken, has important reference significance to further improve the effect of ultrasonic broken rock. The rock in different ultrasonic vibration time, decreased the intensity of the rules and laws of rock damage (pore size. How many changes), for the next step of applying ultrasonic vibrator in hard rock drilling, deep exploration, research and development of ultrasonic vibration drilling theory broken rock By using the rock guidance. The fatigue damage mechanics and Griffith's theory of ultrasonic vibration time damage influence law on rock, it is concluded that the damage mechanism of rock under ultrasonic vibration, ultrasonic vibration with prolonging time of vibration, fatigue broken rock have a minimum threshold of time, only when the ultrasonic vibration time is greater than the minimum threshold time. The energy load of micro crack crack together as granite cracks, less than the time threshold of ultrasonic vibration energy leads to accumulation of internal damage of granite, granite develop micro cracks. Using ANSYS finite element simulation data about the ultrasonic vibration time for research on rock damage influence. A heterogeneous rock model is practical. Through the powerful computing ability of computer to draw with the time of ultrasonic vibration on the granite The extent of the damage, and put forward the ultrasonic vibration time threshold (analysis of the simulated time threshold within 15-20 minutes), to further improve the ultrasonic vibration of broken rock, to provide theoretical guidance for the experiment. Using magnetic resonance test and uniaxial compressive strength test of ultrasonic vibration time on rock damage are discussed as follows: 1. ultrasonic frequency under the effect of different time on the brittle failure law, strength decreased, changes in pore, for the quantitative analysis of failure modes of rock mass structure in uniform rock contains the defects from microcosmic to macroscopic dimensions of various non.2. based ultrasonic frequency vibration test lay under the whole process of samples from the original state until the final failure. Micro cracks propagation crack in the increase in the number of conditions gradually developed into large size crack. Ultrasonic vibration of broken rock generally experienced four stages Section: the first stage (0-10 minutes): rock in fatigue under the action of internal initial damage development, vibration has little effect on the crack in rock mainly concentrated in the shallow part of the rock; the second stage (15-20 minutes): micro crack propagation, the initial damage of rock began further exacerbated by rock damage accumulation stage at this time for ultrasonic vibration energy micro crack, crack stress state into the crack in the low critical value; the third stage (20-25 minutes): crack in a stable stage of development, the extension of time to rock under ultrasonic vibration crushing efficiency play a role in promoting, but the increasing rate of broken rock rock gently, fatigue crack extension at a stable speed cracking; fourth stage (25-30 minutes): rock damage into the rapid accumulation stage, expansion velocity of rock crack up, internal cracks through the rock strength The decline rate increases greatly, which leads to rock damage and failure to lead to rock fracture.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU45

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