本文關鍵詞： 原油裂解生氣 熱模擬實驗 儲層介質環(huán)境 TSR 固體瀝青 飛仙關組鮞灘氣藏　出處：《中國科學院研究生院(廣州地球化學研究所)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本論文采用生烴與碳同位素分餾動力學原理,結合有機地球化學中多種技術和方法(如生烴動力學模擬實驗、氣相色譜、氣相色譜-同位素比值質譜等)深入研究探討了儲層環(huán)境中原油裂解過程中氣態(tài)產物與固體瀝青的地球化學特征。原油裂解模擬實驗主要采用封閉黃金管-高壓釜體系,在恒溫(365℃)恒壓(50MPa)加熱方式下模擬不同儲層介質環(huán)境下原油的裂解生氣過程;模擬不同硫酸鹽參與情況下的原油裂解,對生成的有機與無機氣體進行產率與碳同位素分析,深入探討了硫酸鹽熱化學還原反應(TSR)的機理。采用恒定升溫速率(20℃/h、2℃/h)恒壓(50MPa)加熱方式開展封閉體系的原油熱裂解模擬實驗,同時對反應生成的氣體、輕烴以及固體瀝青殘渣進行定量分析。通過實驗與生烴動力學計算數據,建立原油裂解過程中固體瀝青與原油裂解氣產率的相關關系,并將該關系應用到實際地質條件下。結合川東北飛仙關組鮞灘氣藏的地質參數與背景,提出一個基于儲層固體瀝青含量的評價方法并對飛仙關組存在大型氣田的儲層固體瀝青含量下限進行了估算,可為預測該區(qū)古油藏的分布范圍與規(guī)模以及現今油氣藏的勘探開發(fā)提供科學依據。本論文主要獲得如下成果與認識:1.在模擬實驗條件下,水、礦物基質對原油裂解具有促進作用,使得氣體產率有所提高,其中氣態(tài)烴產率大約提高一倍,H2、CO2產率也有明顯增加;2.硫酸鎂溶液的存在可導致原油熱解體系發(fā)生明顯的硫酸鹽熱化學還原反應(TSR),產生大量H2S氣體;同時烴類氣體產率也有大幅提高,氣體干燥系數明顯增大;氣體碳同位素數據表明TSR反應使甲烷、乙烷、丙烷相對富集13C。一定量氯化鈉溶液的存在也會促進TSR反應,使得氣態(tài)烴與非烴產率明顯提高,同時造成烴類氣體碳同位素組成的偏重(富集13C),乙烷的增重尤其明顯,最大變化可達4‰。3.川東北飛仙關組鮞灘氣藏儲層固體瀝青元素組成具有高S/C比、低H/C比的特點,固體碳同位素組成的分析對比表明飛仙關組鮞灘氣藏天然氣可能主要來源于下伏的上二疊統(tǒng)烴源巖;同時飛仙關組鮞灘氣藏儲層固體瀝青反射率較高,具有較高的演化程度。表明川東北飛仙關組儲層經歷過高溫埋藏過程,從而為川東北地區(qū)飛仙關組發(fā)生熱化學硫酸鹽還原反應提供地質條件。4.原油裂解過程中,固體瀝青的生成起始于凝析油和濕氣階段(Easy Ro=1.0%~2.1%),并且在干氣階段大量產生(Easy Ro2.1%),表明固體瀝青是原油在過成熟階段的裂解產物。原油裂解過程中甲烷氣與固體瀝青的產量具有非常好的相關關系,由此關系式可建立固體瀝青產量與甲烷產量轉換率參數(CR)。據此對川東北飛仙關組存在大型氣田的儲層固體瀝青含量下限進行了估算,初步結果顯示固體瀝青含量為1.22%可能是該地區(qū)圈定古油藏分布范圍的一個重要參數。根據川東北地區(qū)高產量氣藏的儲層瀝青含量等值線分布面積與油氣藏儲層的平面展布及儲層瀝青含量的分布趨勢,可以對古油藏分布范圍及規(guī)模進行預測;同時可對現今氣藏的規(guī)模和分布進行預測,最終為我國深層海相天然氣的評價與勘探提供實驗依據及新的思路。
[Abstract]:This paper uses hydrocarbon and carbon isotope dynamics principle, combined with the organic geochemistry of various technologies and methods (such as hydrocarbon generation kinetics simulation experiment, gas chromatography, gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry) in-depth study of the geochemical characteristics of oil reservoir environment in the process of cracking gas products and solid bitumen. Oil cracking simulation experiment mainly adopts closed gold autovalve system, at a constant temperature (365 DEG C) constant pressure (50MPa) cracking crude oil reservoir in different medium environment generation process heating simulation; simulation of different sulfur acid salt in crude oil cracking conditions, analysis of yield and the carbon isotope of organic and inorganic gas generation the in-depth study of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) mechanism. The constant heating rate (20 degrees /h, 2 degrees /h) constant pressure (50MPa) crude oil pyrolysis heating way to carry out the closed system At the same time, the simulation experiment, the reaction gas, light hydrocarbon and solid bitumen residue were quantitatively analyzed. The calculated data by experiment and kinetics of hydrocarbon generation, to build the relationship between the process of crude oil cracking in solid bitumen and crude oil cracking gas yield, and the relationship is applied to the actual geological conditions. Combined with the geological parameters of Feixianguan with the background of oolitic beach reservoir, a reservoir solid bitumen content evaluation method based on the reservoir solid bitumen content and lower limit of the Feixianguan formation has large gas fields were estimated, can provide a scientific basis for the distribution scope and scale prediction of the ancient oil reservoirs and the oil and gas exploration and development this paper mainly get the following results and understanding: 1. in the experiment conditions, water, mineral matrix has a promoting effect on crude oil cracking, the gas yield increased, the yields of gaseous hydrocarbon Approximately doubled H2, the yield of CO2 also increased significantly; 2. Magnesium Sulfate solution may lead to crude oil pyrolysis system has obvious thermochemical sulfate reduction reaction (TSR), a large amount of H2S gas; and hydrocarbon gas yield have significantly improved, gas drying coefficient significantly increased; carbon isotope data show that the TSR reaction. Methane, ethane, propane relative enrichment of 13C. certain amount of Sodium Chloride Solution's presence will also promote the TSR reaction, the gaseous hydrocarbon and non hydrocarbon yield increased significantly, while causing more hydrocarbon gas carbon isotope composition (rich in 13C), ethane weight obviously, the maximum change of up to 4.3.% of the oolitic beach gas reservoir solid bitumen composition with high S/C ratio and low H/C ratio, comparative analysis of solid carbon isotopic composition shows that the oolitic beach gas reservoirs may be mainly derived from the underlying. Two Permian source rocks; and oolitic beach reservoir solid bitumen reflectance high evolution degree is higher. That Feixianguan reservoir experienced buried high temperature process, which is in the northeast of Sichuan Feixianguan group occurred off the thermochemical sulfate reduction for the geological conditions of.4. crude oil in the process of cracking, generating solid bitumen starting in condensate oil and moisture stage (Easy Ro=1.0%~2.1%), and resulting in a large number of dry gas stage (Easy Ro2.1%), showed that the solid bitumen is in the mature stage of crude oil pyrolysis products. In process of crude oil cracking methane gas and solid bitumen production has good correlation. This relationship can be set up production and methane production in solid bitumen conversion rate parameter (CR). The reservoir solid bitumen content based on the lower limit of Feixianguan exist large gas fields were estimated, preliminary results show. The asphalt content of 1.22% may be an important parameter to delineate paleo oil reservoirs in the area. According to the distribution range of Northeast Sichuan high volume gas reservoir reservoir asphalt content isoline distribution area and the reservoir plane distribution and reservoir asphalt content distribution trend, we can predict the distribution of ancient oil reservoir at the same time and scale; the scale and distribution of the gas reservoir prediction, provide experimental basis and new ideas for our final evaluation and exploration of deep marine natural gas.

【學位授予單位】：中國科學院研究生院(廣州地球化學研究所)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P618.13

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