【摘要】：隨著光通信的蓬勃發(fā)展,光纖通信技術(shù)廣泛應(yīng)用于電信、電力、廣播等領(lǐng)域,對整個信息產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響,光纖已成為當(dāng)前最有前景的傳輸媒介。與此同時,光纖測試技術(shù)在光纖生產(chǎn)、現(xiàn)場鋪設(shè)與后期維護(hù)等工程領(lǐng)域中得到廣泛應(yīng)用。光時域反射儀(Optical Time Domain Reflectometer),又稱背向散射儀,是一種用于表征光纖鏈路物理特性的精密光學(xué)測試儀器,主要用于測試光纖鏈路長度,精確定位斷點(diǎn)事件,計算光纖損耗,并提供與長度有關(guān)的衰減細(xì)節(jié)。光纖鏈路中待測光纖的測量長度范圍和測量精度,取決于OTDR的激光出纖功率和光脈寬。因此,需要設(shè)計合適的激光脈沖驅(qū)動電源及配套的控制和探測系統(tǒng),研究激光出纖功率和脈寬對測量長度和測量精度的影響,從而獲得能滿足不同光纖鏈路測量需求的OTDR系統(tǒng)解決方案。文章在具體描述了光時域反射儀的工作機(jī)理以及影響其主要性能的關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出以設(shè)計能提供大功率、窄脈沖電流信號的激光驅(qū)動電源作為提高OTDR性能的主要手段。在掌握半導(dǎo)體激光驅(qū)動原理的基礎(chǔ)上,經(jīng)過細(xì)致地比較與方案論證,提出以MOSFET作為激光脈沖驅(qū)動電源的開關(guān)器件,以能量儲存法作為窄脈沖產(chǎn)生機(jī)制的脈沖電源設(shè)計方案。設(shè)計實(shí)現(xiàn)基于FPGA的觸發(fā)脈沖信號,并通過Multisim 11對系統(tǒng)硬件電路仿真優(yōu)化,實(shí)現(xiàn)激光脈沖驅(qū)動大功率、窄脈寬輸出。以雪崩二極管作為光電探測系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵響應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換器件驗(yàn)證驅(qū)動電源性能,并完成光纖測距。最終成功研制出一套基于納秒脈沖激光和對應(yīng)光電探測系統(tǒng)的OTDR系統(tǒng),并進(jìn)行了實(shí)際測試。測試和研究結(jié)果顯示:所研制的脈沖激光電源能輸出的最小脈寬為33 ns,最小輸出峰值電流為1 A,且峰值電流及頻率大小可調(diào)。大電流窄脈寬驅(qū)動電源信號輸出可極大地增強(qiáng)光時域反射儀的動態(tài)范圍以及分辨率。探測器分時調(diào)控測量技術(shù)可以極大地提高系統(tǒng)的測量精度和信噪比。本文設(shè)計的脈沖激光驅(qū)動電源與光電探測系統(tǒng),不僅可以用于開發(fā)具有各種技術(shù)參數(shù)的OTDR設(shè)備,也可以用于常規(guī)的半導(dǎo)體激光器系統(tǒng)。其應(yīng)用亦可從單純的光纖測試系統(tǒng)推廣至涵蓋軍用和民用的整個激光測距領(lǐng)域。因而本論文的研究成果具有重要的應(yīng)用價值和社會價值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of optical communication, optical fiber communication technology is widely used in telecommunications, power, broadcasting and other fields, which has a profound impact on the entire information industry. Optical fiber has become the most promising transmission medium. At the same time, optical fiber testing technology has been widely used in optical fiber production, site laying and later maintenance and other engineering fields. Optical time domain reflectometer (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer), also called backscattering instrument, is a precise optical testing instrument used to characterize the physical characteristics of optical fiber links. It is mainly used to measure the length of optical fiber links, locate breakpoint events accurately, and calculate fiber losses. Details of attenuation related to length are also provided. The measurement length range and measurement accuracy of the fiber to be measured in the fiber link depends on the laser output power and the optical pulse width of the OTDR. Therefore, it is necessary to design a suitable laser pulse driving power supply and a complete control and detection system to study the influence of laser output power and pulse width on the length and accuracy of the measurement. Thus, the OTDR system solution which can meet the measurement requirements of different fiber links is obtained. Based on the detailed description of the working mechanism of the optical time domain reflectometer and the key parameters affecting its main performance, this paper proposes to design a laser drive power supply which can provide high power and narrow pulse current signals as the main means to improve the performance of OTDR. On the basis of mastering the principle of semiconductor laser drive, after careful comparison and demonstration, a design scheme of pulse power supply with MOSFET as switching device and energy storage as the mechanism of narrow pulse generation is put forward. The trigger pulse signal based on FPGA is designed and realized, and the system hardware circuit is simulated and optimized by Multisim 11 to realize the laser pulse driving high power and narrow pulse width output. The Avalanche diode is used as the key response converter of the photoelectric detection system to verify the performance of the driving power supply and to complete the optical fiber ranging. Finally, a OTDR system based on nanosecond pulse laser and corresponding photoelectric detection system is developed and tested. The experimental results show that the minimum pulse width of the pulse laser power supply is 33 ns, and the minimum output peak current is 1 A, and the peak current and frequency can be adjusted. The dynamic range and resolution of the optical time domain reflectometer can be greatly enhanced by the output of the high current and narrow pulse width driving power supply. The measurement accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio of the system can be greatly improved by the detector time-sharing control measurement technique. The pulse laser drive power supply and photoelectric detection system designed in this paper can not only be used to develop OTDR equipment with various technical parameters, but also can be used in conventional semiconductor laser systems. Its application can also be extended from a simple optical fiber testing system to the whole laser ranging field covering both military and civil applications. Therefore, the research results of this paper have important application value and social value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN253

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