【摘要】：脈沖數(shù)字全息術(shù)將全息成像與飛秒激光相結(jié)合,通過記錄物場的強度和相位信息來探測超快瞬態(tài)過程。在記錄超快現(xiàn)象時,需要將單個脈沖分割成具有飛秒至皮秒量級時間的角度相同的物光子脈沖序列和具有同樣時間延遲的角度不同的參考光子脈沖序列,兩脈沖序列在CCD感光面上疊加產(chǎn)生干涉,得到一系列全息圖并同時記錄在一幅CCD圖像中。其中,物光子脈沖序列通過物光分束系統(tǒng)得到,該系統(tǒng)需將一個激光脈沖分成在同一傳播方向上相鄰脈沖時間間隔相等、能量相等、無啁啾或者低啁啾的子脈沖序列。同理,參考光分束系統(tǒng)的作用是使得到的子脈沖序列脈沖間隔與物光子脈沖序列相等,子脈沖能量相等且與物光子脈沖能量相等,并且子脈沖序列傳播方向不同,與物光子脈沖傳播方向有一定的夾角。分束子脈沖的脈沖寬度、脈沖間隔、脈沖能量及子脈沖的數(shù)量與超快探測的精度相關(guān),因此,超短脈沖分束技術(shù)在脈沖數(shù)字全息系統(tǒng)中具有關(guān)鍵作用。超短脈沖分束技術(shù)的另一個應(yīng)用方向是飛秒激光微加工。傳統(tǒng)的微加工技術(shù)主要采用單點掃描的方式,由于采用該方式加工一個微結(jié)構(gòu)耗時較長,成為飛秒激光微加工技術(shù)進一步發(fā)展的主要障礙。因此,并行加工方式的提出對提高加工效率具有非常重要的研究意義。實現(xiàn)并行加工首先需要解決的是超短脈沖的空間分束問題。將雙折射晶體用于實現(xiàn)超短脈沖空間分束,較其它方法精度更高。本文主要研究超短脈沖分束技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用,課題來源于國家自然科學(xué)基金科學(xué)儀器基礎(chǔ)研究項目(61227010)。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下所述。首先介紹了超短脈沖數(shù)字全息術(shù)與飛秒激光并行加工技術(shù),及其國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,并對光在晶體中的雙折射現(xiàn)象進行了探討。其次,針對超短脈沖分束技術(shù)在脈沖數(shù)字全息應(yīng)用中的重要作用,提出了基于雙折射原理的共線傳輸?shù)某堂}沖分束方法;并在研究雙折射原理及常見雙折射晶體的特性的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了脈沖數(shù)字全息光路中的物光分束系統(tǒng)。最后,提出基于雙折射原理的空間分布的并行傳輸?shù)某堂}沖分束方法,分析了該方法在飛秒激光并行加工和脈沖數(shù)字全息系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:Pulse digital holography combines holographic imaging with femtosecond laser to detect ultrafast transient process by recording the intensity and phase information of object field. In recording ultrafast phenomena, it is necessary to divide a single pulse into a sequence of object photons of the same order of magnitude from femtosecond to picosecond and a sequence of reference photons at different angles with the same time delay. A series of holograms are obtained and recorded simultaneously in a CCD image by interference of two pulse sequences superimposed on the CCD photosensitive surface. Among them, the object photon pulse sequence is obtained by the object light beam splitting system. The system needs to divide a laser pulse into sub-pulse sequences with equal time interval, equal energy and no chirp or low chirp in the same direction of propagation. In the same way, the function of the reference beam splitting system is to make the pulse interval of the obtained sub-pulse sequence equal to that of the object photon pulse sequence, the energy of the sub-pulse is equal to that of the object photon pulse, and the propagation direction of the sub-pulse sequence is different. It has a certain angle with the propagation direction of the object photon pulse. The pulse width, pulse interval, pulse energy and the number of sub-pulses are related to the accuracy of ultra-fast detection. Therefore, ultrashort pulse splitting plays a key role in the pulse digital holography system. Another application of ultrashort pulse splitting is femtosecond laser micromachining. The traditional micromachining technology mainly adopts the single point scanning method. Because it takes a long time to process a microstructure, it becomes the main obstacle to the further development of femtosecond laser micromachining technology. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the efficiency of parallel machining. The space beam splitting problem of ultrashort pulse is the first problem to be solved to realize parallel processing. The application of birefringent crystal to ultrashort pulse spatial beam splitting is more accurate than other methods. In this paper, ultrashort pulse beam splitting technology and its application are mainly studied. The subject comes from the basic research project of scientific instruments of the National Natural Science Foundation (61227010). The main contents of this paper are as follows. This paper first introduces the technology of ultrashort pulse digital holography and femtosecond laser parallel processing, and its research status at home and abroad, and discusses the phenomenon of birefringence of light in crystal. Secondly, aiming at the important role of ultrashort pulse beam splitting technology in the application of pulse digital holography, a collinear transmission method of ultrashort pulse beam splitting based on birefringence principle is proposed. On the basis of studying the principle of birefringence and the characteristics of common birefringence crystals, the optical beam splitting system in pulse digital holographic optical path is designed. Finally, a spatially distributed ultrashort pulse beam splitting method based on birefringence principle is proposed, and its application in femtosecond laser parallel processing and pulse digital holography system is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN26;TN249

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