【摘要】：隨著電子干擾和反輻射導(dǎo)彈技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,以雷達(dá)為代表的有源探測方式日益受到威脅。作為有源探測系統(tǒng)的有益補(bǔ)充,無源探測系統(tǒng)通過接收輻射源的電磁信號(hào)對(duì)目標(biāo)定位,由于本身不輻射,有效提高了系統(tǒng)在電子戰(zhàn)爭中的生存能力。特別是其中的時(shí)差定位體制具有工作頻帶寬,精度高、定位快和“四抗”能力強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),是一種很有前途的無源定位技術(shù)。為提高估計(jì)精度,無源定位系統(tǒng)對(duì)目標(biāo)輻射源的跟蹤一般需要在多次測量的基礎(chǔ)上借助一定的濾波算法來實(shí)現(xiàn),其定位過程是利用某一時(shí)刻和該時(shí)刻以前的全部測量信息對(duì)該時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行估計(jì)的過程。為了提高時(shí)差定位跟蹤系統(tǒng)的性能,本文從時(shí)差定位的基本原理入手,深入分析了時(shí)差定位性能的影響因素,重點(diǎn)討論了跟蹤濾波的穩(wěn)定性條件,仿真驗(yàn)證了各因素對(duì)時(shí)差定位跟蹤性能的影響。本文首先研究了時(shí)差定位的基本原理,討論了時(shí)差定位的特點(diǎn),給出了多站時(shí)差定位的定位方程,分別研究了基于泰勒展開的最小二乘求解算法和Chan算法。給出了無源定位系統(tǒng)的空域指標(biāo)、時(shí)間指標(biāo)和性能指標(biāo)的定義,分析了各定位精度指標(biāo)的聯(lián)系;詳細(xì)推導(dǎo)了時(shí)差定位的GDOP定位精度指標(biāo),得出了影響定位性能的影響因素,通過仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),分析和討論了各因素對(duì)定位精度的影響。研究了時(shí)差定位的濾波跟蹤技術(shù),分別討論了最優(yōu)貝葉斯濾波算法、α/β濾波算法、卡爾曼濾波算法、擴(kuò)展卡爾曼濾波算法和無跡卡爾曼濾波算法;深入分析了濾波算法的穩(wěn)定性,推導(dǎo)了定位精度與測量精度的關(guān)系,通過仿真驗(yàn)證跟蹤濾波后的收斂誤差與測量精度成正比例關(guān)系。最后給出了時(shí)差定位跟蹤系統(tǒng)的仿真實(shí)現(xiàn),給出了仿真的流程,驗(yàn)證了時(shí)差定位跟蹤系統(tǒng)的性能。
[Abstract]:With the development of electronic jamming and anti-radiation missile technology, the active detection method represented by radar is increasingly threatened. As a useful supplement to the active detection system, passive detection system can locate the target by receiving the electromagnetic signals from the emitter. Because it does not radiate itself, it can effectively improve the survivability of the system in electronic warfare. Especially, the time difference location system has many advantages, such as high frequency bandwidth, high precision, fast positioning and strong "four resistance", so it is a promising passive location technology. In order to improve the estimation accuracy, the passive location system usually needs to use a certain filtering algorithm on the basis of multiple measurements to track the target emitter. The positioning process is a process of estimating the state of a given moment by using all the measurement information before that time. In order to improve the performance of the TDOA tracking system, this paper starts with the basic principle of TDOA, analyzes the influencing factors of the TDOA performance, and discusses the stability condition of the tracking filter. The simulation results show the influence of various factors on the performance of time difference location and tracking. In this paper, the basic principle of TDOA is studied, the characteristic of TDOA is discussed, the location equation of TDOA is given, and the least square algorithm based on Taylor expansion and Chan algorithm are studied respectively. The spatial index, time index and performance index of passive positioning system are defined, the relation of each positioning precision index is analyzed, the GDOP positioning precision index of time difference positioning is deduced in detail, and the influence factors of positioning performance are obtained. Through simulation experiments, the influence of various factors on positioning accuracy is analyzed and discussed. The filtering and tracking techniques of time difference location are studied, and the optimal Bayesian filtering algorithm, 偽 / 尾 filtering algorithm, Kalman filtering algorithm, extended Kalman filter algorithm and unscented Kalman filtering algorithm are discussed respectively, and the stability of the filtering algorithm is analyzed. The relationship between the positioning accuracy and the measurement accuracy is deduced, and the convergence error after tracking filtering is verified to be proportional to the measurement accuracy by simulation. Finally, the simulation implementation of the time difference positioning and tracking system is given, and the simulation flow is given to verify the performance of the time difference positioning and tracking system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TN713

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