【摘要】：機(jī)載LiDAR系統(tǒng)可以快速、高效、高精度地獲取掃描對(duì)象的空間三維坐標(biāo)信息，數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)處理后可用于生產(chǎn)高精度的DEM、DOM、DSM等數(shù)字產(chǎn)品，因此，近年來(lái)得到了快速推廣和研究應(yīng)用。 利用機(jī)載LIDAR點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)在生產(chǎn)DEM等數(shù)字產(chǎn)品前需首先對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行預(yù)處理，過(guò)濾或提取出非地面點(diǎn)激光點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)，濾波效果的好壞將直接影響最終成果精度。通過(guò)對(duì)目前現(xiàn)有濾波算法需滿足的條件、濾波效率，以及濾波效果等進(jìn)行分析表明，僅用點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)濾波而不增加其他輔助濾波數(shù)據(jù)源，很難實(shí)現(xiàn)滿足精度要求的點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)自動(dòng)化濾波。基于以上分析及結(jié)合生產(chǎn)單位實(shí)際情況及需求，本文對(duì)機(jī)載LiDAR系統(tǒng)、使用DLG數(shù)據(jù)輔助LiDAR點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)濾波進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的研究，論文的主要內(nèi)容為： 從濾波方法研究以及應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀方面，分析了國(guó)內(nèi)外LiDAR激光點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)濾波方法研究現(xiàn)狀以及濾波應(yīng)用情況，分析表明目前生產(chǎn)單位的濾波效率較低，對(duì)于使用輔助數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行濾波處理以提高濾波效率有較大意義。 針對(duì)機(jī)載LiDAR系統(tǒng)，研究了系統(tǒng)組成、工作原理和LiDAR點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)及特點(diǎn)，介紹了機(jī)載LiDAR系統(tǒng)基本處理流程。 論文分析了DLG數(shù)據(jù)選擇依據(jù)、DLG輔助機(jī)載點(diǎn)云濾波方法，并對(duì)濾波的結(jié)果運(yùn)用基于坡度和斜率的濾波算法進(jìn)行再次濾波，介紹了濾波質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)方法，其中濾波方法主要思想是利用DLG中的構(gòu)建筑物面要素，提取落入面中的激光腳點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)，，根據(jù)其高程值選取最低點(diǎn)作為地面點(diǎn)高程值，并將此高程值統(tǒng)一賦予落入面中的激光腳點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)的高程，最大限度保留了點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)信息，進(jìn)而達(dá)到濾波效果。最后，選取某縣的機(jī)載LiDAR點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)和DLG數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)，并編制了濾波軟件，通過(guò)對(duì)濾波質(zhì)量的評(píng)價(jià)，表明對(duì)非地面激光腳點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)的濾波達(dá)到了期望的效果。 總之，作為一種能夠快速獲取地面激光腳點(diǎn)三維坐標(biāo)的新型遙感測(cè)量技術(shù)手段，機(jī)載LiDAR系統(tǒng)具有高效的數(shù)據(jù)獲取效率與廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:The airborne LiDAR system can obtain 3D coordinate information of scanned objects quickly, efficiently and accurately. After processing, the data can be used to produce digital products such as high precision DSM. Therefore, it has been rapidly popularized and applied in recent years. Using airborne LIDAR point cloud data before producing digital products such as DEM, it is necessary to preprocess the data first, filter or extract the point cloud data of non-ground point laser, and the effect of filtering will directly affect the accuracy of the final results. Through the analysis of the condition, the efficiency and the effect of the existing filtering algorithms, it is shown that only point cloud data filtering is used and other auxiliary filtering data sources are not added. It is difficult to realize the automatic filtering of point cloud data to meet the precision requirement. Based on the above analysis and combined with the actual situation and requirements of the production units, this paper makes a detailed study on the airborne LiDAR system using DLG data to assist the LiDAR point cloud data filtering. The main contents of this paper are as follows: from the aspect of filtering method research and application, the research status and application of LiDAR laser point cloud data filtering method at home and abroad are analyzed. The analysis shows that the filtering efficiency of production units is low at present, which is of great significance to use auxiliary data for filtering and processing in order to improve the filtering efficiency. Aiming at airborne LiDAR system, the system composition, working principle, data structure and characteristics of LiDAR point cloud are studied, and the basic processing flow of airborne LiDAR system is introduced. This paper analyzes the DLG data selection method based on DLG-assisted airborne point cloud filtering, and uses the slope and slope filtering algorithm to re-filter the results, and introduces the filtering quality evaluation method. The main idea of the filtering method is to extract the laser foot-point data falling into the plane by using the building surface elements in DLG, and select the lowest point as the elevation value of the ground point according to the height value. The height of the laser foot-point data which falls into the plane is given to the height of the point cloud data to the maximum extent, and the filtering effect is achieved. Finally, the airborne LiDAR point cloud data and DLG data of a county are selected and the filtering software is developed. The evaluation of the filtering quality shows that the filtering of the non-ground laser foot-point data has achieved the desired effect. In a word, as a new kind of remote sensing measurement technology which can quickly obtain the 3D coordinate of laser foot-point on the ground, airborne LiDAR system has high efficiency of data acquisition and wide application prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TN249;TP79

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