【摘要】：隨著高速公路通車里程的增加,發(fā)生在高速公路上的交通事件開始增多,對駕駛員的行車安全造成了影響,易引發(fā)二次事故,降低道路的使用效率。而在交通事件影響區(qū)附近,需進行限速設置,合理的影響區(qū)限速值能兼顧駕駛員安全及道路利用效率。本文針對我國高速公路系統(tǒng)特性,結(jié)合影響區(qū)各區(qū)段的交通組織形式,分析了各區(qū)段車輛行駛特性,研究了交通事件發(fā)生在高速公路基本路段和匝道——主線相連部分時考慮安全及效率的最優(yōu)限速問題。通過對事件區(qū)路段速度離散性與事故率關系的分析,對事件區(qū)排隊長度與事件區(qū)上游車輛平均速度的研究,選取道路上的沖突率和事件區(qū)車輛的最大排隊長度分別作為事件區(qū)安全與效率的表征指標。元胞自動機作為一種簡潔且高效的模型,在交通流建模中具有獨特的優(yōu)勢,本文采用元胞自動機建模,選取沖突率和排隊長度分別作為安全與效率的表征指標,以單車道NaSch模型為基礎,建立了雙車道元胞自動機模型更新規(guī)則及仿真方案,得到了沖突率和最大排隊長度隨不同限速值的變化規(guī)律。根據(jù)安全與效率對限速值變化的靈敏度不同,對沖突率及排隊長度進行無量綱化處理,得到二者在不同交通量下的權重值,最后采用加權平均的方法得到效率安全均衡最優(yōu)下的限速值。研究結(jié)果表明:在高速公路二級服務水平下,基本路段事件影響區(qū)建議限速值為70km/h,三級服務水平下,建議限速值為60km/h;在匝道—主線相連部分,高速公路二級服務水平下,事件影響區(qū)建議限速值為60km/h,三級服務水平下,事件影響區(qū)建議限速值為50km/h。
[Abstract]:With the increase of the mileage of expressway, the traffic events occurring on the highway begin to increase, which affects the driving safety of drivers, causes secondary accidents and lowers the efficiency of road use. In the vicinity of traffic accident affected area, speed limit should be set, and reasonable speed limit value can give consideration to driver safety and road utilization efficiency. According to the characteristics of expressway system in our country and the traffic organization form of each section of the affected area, this paper analyzes the driving characteristics of the vehicles in each section. In this paper, the optimal speed limit problem considering safety and efficiency is studied when traffic events occur on the basic section of highway and on-ramp-main line connection. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the speed dispersion and the accident rate in the incident area, the queue length in the incident area and the average vehicle speed in the upstream of the incident area are studied. The collision rate on the road and the maximum queue length of the vehicles in the incident area are selected as the indicators of the safety and efficiency of the event zone respectively. As a simple and efficient model, Cellular Automata has unique advantages in traffic flow modeling. In this paper, Cellular Automata is used to model, and the collision rate and queue length are selected as the indicators of safety and efficiency, respectively. Based on the single-lane NaSch model, the updating rules and simulation scheme of two-lane cellular automata model are established, and the variation rules of collision rate and maximum queue length with different speed limit values are obtained. According to the different sensitivity of safety and efficiency to the change of speed limit value, the collision rate and queue length are dimensionless, and the weight values of them under different traffic volume are obtained. Finally, the method of weighted average is used to obtain the optimal speed limit value of efficiency safety equilibrium. The results show that under the level of secondary service of expressway, the recommended speed limit value is 70 kmhm / h in the event-affected area of basic road section, and 60 kmhm / h under the level of three-level service; In the ramp-main link section, the recommended speed limit value of the incident impact area is 60 kmhm / h under the level of secondary service of the expressway, and the recommended speed limit value of the incident impact area is 50 kmhm / h under the level of three-level service.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491

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