基于微型面包車事故再現(xiàn)的駕駛員損傷及防護研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-13 12:46
【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,微型面包車在經(jīng)濟欠發(fā)達地區(qū)保有量激增,相應(yīng)的事故發(fā)生率也呈逐年上升趨勢,由于微型面包車車身結(jié)構(gòu)單薄,吸能區(qū)與緩沖區(qū)行程較短,致使車內(nèi)乘員往往傷亡嚴(yán)重。因此,探討微型面包車事故發(fā)生規(guī)律、乘員損傷機理及其防護機制就顯得尤為重要。本文以微型面包車正面碰撞事故為切入點,利用有限元分析仿真技術(shù),對微型面包車駕駛員的損傷機理及其防護進行研究,為車輛安全性設(shè)計提供參考依據(jù),具有現(xiàn)實的經(jīng)濟和社會意義。本文主要研究方法與結(jié)論如下:首先,對微型面包車事故進行深度調(diào)查與分析,明確微型面包車事故的發(fā)生特點與規(guī)律。分析結(jié)果表明,在道路類型和事故地點分布上,以城市道路為主,占74%,事發(fā)路段線性多為平直路段,占86%;從乘員傷亡情況來看,面包車與貨車事故導(dǎo)致乘員傷亡情況最為嚴(yán)重,占總死亡人數(shù)的45.3%。因此本文對微型面包車與貨車碰撞案例進行事故重建。其次,根據(jù)事故深度調(diào)查分析結(jié)果,選取事故數(shù)據(jù)庫中最常見的面包車車型,創(chuàng)建微型面包車有限元模型,并對其進行驗證;利用事故再現(xiàn)技術(shù)與有限元分析軟件對微型面包車追尾碰撞貨車案例進行事故重建。提取了微型面包車質(zhì)量增加曲線、能量變化曲線、車輛變形、駕駛員動態(tài)響應(yīng)過程等結(jié)果,并對重建結(jié)果進行驗證,驗證結(jié)果表明,從仿真模型的穩(wěn)定性、車輛變形、碰撞過程中駕駛員的動態(tài)響應(yīng)三個方面均具有較高的準(zhǔn)確性,據(jù)此可以進行下一步的研究分析。再次,構(gòu)建微型面包車-THUMS乘員有限元模型仿真邊界條件對事故中人體損傷過程進行重建,提取駕駛員顱骨、肋骨及下肢等效應(yīng)力,參考人體頭部、胸部及下肢耐受限度,預(yù)測其損傷風(fēng)險,并與實際傷情進行比較。結(jié)果表明:駕駛員顱骨、胸部肋骨等損傷指標(biāo)都超過了人體的損傷耐限,這與尸檢報告中駕駛員死于胸腹部臟器損傷、顱腦損傷死亡的結(jié)論相符。最后,針對事故案例重建結(jié)果,結(jié)合乘員損傷情況,本文從車輛結(jié)構(gòu)的緩沖與吸能措施、貨車尾部防撞欄、預(yù)緊限力式安全帶、限力式吸能踏板等方面進行了相關(guān)分析,分析結(jié)果表明,貨車尾部防撞欄的規(guī)范安裝、預(yù)緊限力式安全帶的使用及限力式吸能踏板等都可不同程度降低乘員傷害,并據(jù)此提出相關(guān)乘員安全防護的建議,指出交通安全隱患,為車輛改進提供支撐。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy in our country, the number of minivans in the underdeveloped areas is increasing rapidly, and the accident rate is increasing year by year. Due to the thin structure of the minivan body, the energy absorption zone and buffer zone are short, and the energy absorption zone and buffer zone are short. As a result, the occupants of the car are often seriously injured. Therefore, it is very important to discuss the accident regularity of minivan, the damage mechanism of occupants and its protective mechanism. Taking the front collision accident of minivan as the starting point, this paper studies the damage mechanism and protection of minivan driver by using finite element analysis and simulation technology, and provides reference basis for vehicle safety design. It has realistic economic and social significance. In this paper, the main research methods and conclusions are as follows: first, the in-depth investigation and analysis of the mini-van accident is carried out to clarify the characteristics and rules of the micro-van accident. The analysis results show that urban roads account for 74% of the road types and accident locations, and most of the accident sections are straight ones, accounting for 86%. From the passenger casualties, van and van accidents caused the most serious casualties, accounting for 45.3 percent of the total death toll. So this article carries on the accident reconstruction to the collision case of the minivan and the truck. Secondly, according to the results of the investigation and analysis of the accident depth, the most common van model in the accident database is selected, and the finite element model of the minivan is established and verified. In this paper, the accident reconstruction technology and finite element analysis software are used to reconstruct the rear-end collision case of a minivan. The results of mass increase curve, energy change curve, vehicle deformation and driver dynamic response process are extracted, and the reconstruction results are verified. The results show that the stability of the simulation model and the deformation of the vehicle are verified. The three aspects of driver's dynamic response in the collision process all have high accuracy, so we can carry on the next research and analysis. Thirdly, the finite element model of minivan-THUMS crew is constructed to reconstruct the injury process of human body in the accident. The equivalent stresses of skull, ribs and lower limbs of driver are extracted, and the tolerance limits of human head, chest and lower limbs are referred to. The risk of injury was predicted and compared with the actual injury. The results showed that the injury indexes such as skull and rib of driver exceeded the injury tolerance of human body, which was consistent with the conclusion that driver died of thoracic and abdominal viscera injury and craniocerebral injury in postmortem report. Finally, according to the reconstruction results of accident cases, combined with the damage of occupants, this paper analyzes the buffer and energy absorption measures of the vehicle structure, the rear collision bar of the truck, the pre-tightening force-limiting seat belt, the force-limiting energy absorption pedal, and so on. The analysis results show that the standard installation of rear collision bar, the use of pre-tightening force-limiting seat belt and the force-limiting energy absorbing pedal can reduce occupant injury in varying degrees, and according to this, some suggestions for safety protection of occupants are put forward. The hidden trouble of traffic safety is pointed out to provide support for vehicle improvement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491.3;U467.14
本文編號：2457574
[Abstract]:With the development of economy in our country, the number of minivans in the underdeveloped areas is increasing rapidly, and the accident rate is increasing year by year. Due to the thin structure of the minivan body, the energy absorption zone and buffer zone are short, and the energy absorption zone and buffer zone are short. As a result, the occupants of the car are often seriously injured. Therefore, it is very important to discuss the accident regularity of minivan, the damage mechanism of occupants and its protective mechanism. Taking the front collision accident of minivan as the starting point, this paper studies the damage mechanism and protection of minivan driver by using finite element analysis and simulation technology, and provides reference basis for vehicle safety design. It has realistic economic and social significance. In this paper, the main research methods and conclusions are as follows: first, the in-depth investigation and analysis of the mini-van accident is carried out to clarify the characteristics and rules of the micro-van accident. The analysis results show that urban roads account for 74% of the road types and accident locations, and most of the accident sections are straight ones, accounting for 86%. From the passenger casualties, van and van accidents caused the most serious casualties, accounting for 45.3 percent of the total death toll. So this article carries on the accident reconstruction to the collision case of the minivan and the truck. Secondly, according to the results of the investigation and analysis of the accident depth, the most common van model in the accident database is selected, and the finite element model of the minivan is established and verified. In this paper, the accident reconstruction technology and finite element analysis software are used to reconstruct the rear-end collision case of a minivan. The results of mass increase curve, energy change curve, vehicle deformation and driver dynamic response process are extracted, and the reconstruction results are verified. The results show that the stability of the simulation model and the deformation of the vehicle are verified. The three aspects of driver's dynamic response in the collision process all have high accuracy, so we can carry on the next research and analysis. Thirdly, the finite element model of minivan-THUMS crew is constructed to reconstruct the injury process of human body in the accident. The equivalent stresses of skull, ribs and lower limbs of driver are extracted, and the tolerance limits of human head, chest and lower limbs are referred to. The risk of injury was predicted and compared with the actual injury. The results showed that the injury indexes such as skull and rib of driver exceeded the injury tolerance of human body, which was consistent with the conclusion that driver died of thoracic and abdominal viscera injury and craniocerebral injury in postmortem report. Finally, according to the reconstruction results of accident cases, combined with the damage of occupants, this paper analyzes the buffer and energy absorption measures of the vehicle structure, the rear collision bar of the truck, the pre-tightening force-limiting seat belt, the force-limiting energy absorption pedal, and so on. The analysis results show that the standard installation of rear collision bar, the use of pre-tightening force-limiting seat belt and the force-limiting energy absorbing pedal can reduce occupant injury in varying degrees, and according to this, some suggestions for safety protection of occupants are put forward. The hidden trouble of traffic safety is pointed out to provide support for vehicle improvement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491.3;U467.14
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