【摘要】：圓柱繞流一直是眾多理論分析,實(shí)驗(yàn)研究及數(shù)值模擬的對(duì)象,但是由于圓柱周?chē)S水流的復(fù)雜性,迄今對(duì)該流動(dòng)現(xiàn)象物理本質(zhì)的理解仍是不完整的,特別是對(duì)于圓柱繞流流態(tài)與圓柱橋墩周?chē)鷽_刷的關(guān)系問(wèn)題,尚未形成系統(tǒng)的理論研究。本文利用Flow-3D流體力學(xué)數(shù)值模擬軟件,研究圓柱橋墩繞流流場(chǎng)特征和橋墩沖刷特點(diǎn),探索圓柱繞流和沖刷之間的關(guān)系,以期為圓柱橋墩繞流及沖刷研究提供理論依據(jù)和新的研究思路。論文運(yùn)用Flow 3D軟件模擬了單圓柱橋墩繞流特性以及河床沖刷,獲得了圓柱橋墩繞流流場(chǎng)分布及河床沖刷特征。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),①圓柱橋墩二維流場(chǎng)分布特征為靠近兩側(cè),由于水槽邊壁的影響,水流流速都有所降低,橋墩前由于橋墩對(duì)水流的阻擋作用使得水流流速減小趨于零,橋墩過(guò)后隨著流程的增加流場(chǎng)變得平順而穩(wěn)定;②初始流速增大墩前繞流向橋墩附近集中繞流范圍減小,墩后尾流影響范圍增大;③初始流速為37cm/s時(shí),二維平面流速的最大值達(dá)到42.3cm/s,其它兩個(gè)初始流速下的二維流速分布也具有相同的規(guī)律,其中最大值分別為流速34.4cm/s、22.2cm/s,三維流速分量中縱向流速是最大的,其他兩個(gè)方向的流速分量較小但主要影響著流速的偏移方向。論文模擬了不同順?biāo)畼蚨詹贾梅绞较聵蚨绽@流特征,分別從水流結(jié)構(gòu)、流速分布、沖刷地形進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果表明,①兩排10橋墩軸向與水流方向成不同角度的直線(xiàn)均勻的布置,彼此之間必然會(huì)相互影響,靠近上游的橋墩影響靠近下游橋墩的水流結(jié)構(gòu),60°布置時(shí)沖深最大位置位于前排2#墩處,t=4s時(shí)其值為7.66 cm,t=6s時(shí)其值為11.27cm,沖刷深度隨時(shí)間的增加而增大,直到最后達(dá)到?jīng)_淤平衡;②當(dāng)橋墩90°布置時(shí),1~5#圓柱的流速具有明顯的對(duì)稱(chēng)性,中間3#橋墩前的沖刷范圍最小。而30°布置時(shí),則發(fā)現(xiàn)1#橋墩前的流速值明顯高于其它4個(gè)橋墩,且有逐次遞減的趨勢(shì),斜向分散布置減少了橋墩的阻水作用。0°布置時(shí)則是靠近左岸的一排橋墩沖刷較嚴(yán)重,30°時(shí)1#和5#橋墩的沖刷較其他橋墩嚴(yán)重,60°布置時(shí)2#和4#墩前的沖刷范圍較大�？偟膩�(lái)說(shuō),通過(guò)此次實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,運(yùn)用Flow 3D軟件模擬了橋墩繞流,將得到的結(jié)果與實(shí)際測(cè)試結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,成功結(jié)合數(shù)值模擬以及實(shí)際實(shí)驗(yàn)兩種研究方法,研究分析了水流分布的特性和河床沖刷變形的情況,亦能為日后類(lèi)似的研究提供參考。
[Abstract]:The flow around a cylinder has always been the object of many theoretical analyses, experimental studies and numerical simulations. However, due to the complexity of the three-dimensional flow around the cylinder, the understanding of the physical nature of the flow phenomenon is still incomplete. In particular, there is no systematic theoretical study on the relationship between the flow around the cylinder and the scour around the cylindrical piers. In this paper, the characteristics of the flow field around the cylindrical pier and the scour characteristics of the pier are studied by using the numerical simulation software of Flow-3D fluid dynamics, and the relationship between the flow around the cylinder and the scour is explored. In order to provide theoretical basis and new research ideas for the study of flow around cylindrical piers and scour. In this paper, the flow around a single cylindrical pier and the scour of the river bed are simulated by using Flow 3D software, and the distribution of the flow field around the pier and the scour characteristics of the river bed are obtained. The results show that: (1) the two-dimensional flow field of the cylindrical pier is close to the two sides, the velocity of flow decreases due to the influence of the side wall of the tank, and the velocity decreases to zero because of the blocking effect of the pier on the flow in front of the pier. After the pier, the flow field becomes smooth and stable with the increase of the flow. (2) when the initial velocity increases, the range of concentrated flow around the pier in front of the pier decreases and the influence range of wake on the back of the pier increases; 3 when the initial velocity is 37cm/s, the maximum velocity of two-dimensional plane reaches 42.3 cm / s, and the two-dimensional velocity distribution of the other two initial velocity has the same law, in which the maximum velocity is 34.4cm / s and 22.2 cm / s, respectively. The longitudinal velocity is the largest in the three-dimensional velocity component. The other two directions have a smaller velocity component but mainly affect the migration direction of the velocity. In this paper, the characteristics of flow around piers under different arrangement modes of water-bearing piers are simulated and analyzed from the aspects of water flow structure, velocity distribution and scour topography. The results show that 1 two rows of 10 piers are arranged in a straight line with different angles between the axial direction and the direction of water flow, and the results are as follows: 1. The pier close to the upstream affects the water flow structure near the downstream pier. The maximum depth of the pier at 60 擄is located at the front row of pier 2, and the maximum value is 11.27 cm at 7.66 cm,t=6s for t ~ (2) 4s, and the water flow structure of the pier near the downstream pier is affected by the bridge pier near the upstream of the pier at 60 擄. The scour depth increases with the increase of time until the scouring and silting balance is finally reached. (2) when the piers are arranged at 90 擄, the velocity of 1 ~ 5 # cylinder has obvious symmetry, and the scour range in front of the middle 3 # pier is the smallest. At 30 擄arrangement, it is found that the flow velocity in front of 1 # pier is obviously higher than that of the other 4 piers, and there is a trend of decreasing gradually, and the oblique dispersion arrangement reduces the water resistance of the pier, and the scour of a row of piers near the left bank is more serious in the 0 擄arrangement, and the flow velocity in front of the pier is obviously higher than that of the other 4 piers. The scour of 1 # and 5 # piers at 30 擄is more serious than that of other piers, and the scour range in front of 2 # and 4 # piers at 60 擄arrangement is larger than that of other piers. In general, through this experimental study, the flow around the pier is simulated by using Flow 3D software. The results obtained are compared with the actual test results, and the two research methods are successfully combined with numerical simulation and practical experiment. The characteristics of the flow distribution and the scour deformation of the river bed are studied and analyzed, which can be used as a reference for similar research in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U442.3

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