【摘要】：交通事故已成為中國(guó)人群傷害的重要原因,且不利天氣下交通事故發(fā)生率比正常天氣高很多。如何通過研究不利天氣條件下道路交通流機(jī)理,準(zhǔn)確把握不利天氣下交通流特征,有效地對(duì)不利天氣下的交通流進(jìn)行管理和控制,對(duì)于解決不利天氣下的交通問題具有重要的意義。論文依托國(guó)家自然基金項(xiàng)目對(duì)不利天氣條件下道路交通流特征機(jī)理進(jìn)行了研究,主要包括雨天交通流特性分析,跟馳模型參數(shù)的雨天標(biāo)定、不利天氣下?lián)Q道模型和仿真分析。首先,根據(jù)氣象標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)不利天氣進(jìn)行分類和分級(jí),根據(jù)降雨類型劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),選取了四種不同降雨等級(jí)下的交通流數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)其流量特性、速度特性以及交通流參數(shù)的關(guān)系特性進(jìn)行了分析,并與晴天交通流特性進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。其次,分析了降雨量與水膜厚度,水膜厚度與路面附著系數(shù)的關(guān)系,以最大制動(dòng)加速度和安全距離作為中間變量,通過時(shí)間占有率與密度參數(shù)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換,結(jié)合線性的密度。速度關(guān)系模型得到車輛期望速度：根據(jù)安全距離模型和期望速度模型,建立了考慮降雨影響的全速度差的改進(jìn)模型,最后用實(shí)際交通流數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)模型中的參數(shù)進(jìn)行標(biāo)定,并對(duì)標(biāo)定結(jié)果進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。最后,量化分析了不利天氣下的路面附著系數(shù)和駕駛員反應(yīng)時(shí)間指標(biāo),建立了考慮不利天氣影響的車輛換道模型,并通過仿真對(duì)晴天、雨天、霧天、雪天的車輛換道率和交通流時(shí)空?qǐng)D進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析,有效反應(yīng)了不利天氣下交通流換道機(jī)理。
[Abstract]:Traffic accidents have become an important cause of injury in Chinese population, and the incidence of traffic accidents in adverse weather is much higher than that in normal weather. How to study the mechanism of road traffic flow under adverse weather conditions, accurately grasp the characteristics of traffic flow in adverse weather, and effectively manage and control traffic flow in adverse weather, It is of great significance to solve traffic problems in adverse weather. In this paper, the mechanism of road traffic flow characteristics under adverse weather conditions is studied based on the National Natural Fund project, including the analysis of traffic flow characteristics in rainy days, the calibration of the parameters of the following model, the changing model and simulation analysis under adverse weather conditions. First of all, according to the classification and classification of adverse weather according to the meteorological standards, according to the classification criteria of rainfall types, the traffic flow data under four different rainfall levels are selected, and the flow characteristics of the traffic flow are analyzed. The relationship between the velocity characteristics and the traffic flow parameters is analyzed and compared with the traffic flow characteristics in sunny days. Secondly, the relationship between rainfall and water film thickness, water film thickness and road adhesion coefficient is analyzed. The maximum braking acceleration and safe distance are taken as intermediate variables, and the linear density is combined by the conversion between time occupancy and density parameters. According to the safety distance model and the expected speed model, an improved model of full speed difference considering the influence of rainfall is established. Finally, the parameters of the model are calibrated with the actual traffic flow data. The calibration results are evaluated. Finally, the road adhesion coefficient and driver's reaction time index under adverse weather are quantitatively analyzed, and the vehicle changing model considering adverse weather is established, and the simulation results are given for sunny, rainy and foggy days. The traffic change rate and the traffic flow space-time map on snowy days are compared and analyzed, which effectively reflects the mechanism of traffic flow changing in adverse weather.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491

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