【摘要】：廢舊輪胎膠粉是固體廢棄物的主要來源,通過將廢舊輪胎膠粉進行瀝青改性并用于瀝青路面建設,不僅可有效減少其對環(huán)境的污染及實現(xiàn)資源的再利用,而且可顯著提高瀝青路面力學特性,如改善路面抗車轍、反射裂縫、水穩(wěn)定性和降低疲勞開裂等性能,此外,橡膠瀝青路面具有平整度好、高抗滑及地噪聲等優(yōu)良特性。但是,目前國內外對橡膠瀝青不同工藝參數(shù)條件下的反應機理研究不明,在橡膠瀝青生產及其應用過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)橡膠瀝青性能較差且達不到預期效果。因此,如何生產及制備性能優(yōu)良的橡膠瀝青、探索不同反應條件下橡膠瀝青反應機理,成為解決“濕法”橡膠瀝青主要技術難題。首先,本研究在國內外橡膠瀝青生產工藝參數(shù)、橡膠瀝青反應機理的研究的基礎上,結合室內大量試驗,采用粘度、動態(tài)剪切流變儀(DSR)、紅外光譜(FTIR)以及凝膠滲透色譜(GPC)等試驗方法對橡膠瀝青反應參數(shù)及內部反應機理進行研究,并對不同反應參數(shù)下橡膠瀝青反應機理進行定性及定量分析;結合數(shù)理統(tǒng)計方法,建立多指標的橡膠瀝青生產工藝參數(shù)評價模型,確定了橡膠瀝青的最佳工藝參數(shù);其次,根據(jù)已得到的橡膠瀝青生產工藝參數(shù),制備不同生產工藝膠粉改性瀝青,包括常溫法生產工藝膠粉和冷凍法生產工藝的膠粉,研究不同工藝膠粉及其摻量和粒徑對橡膠瀝青性能的影響;最后,選取不同來源的基質瀝青,研究基質瀝青來源對橡膠瀝青性能的影響。結果表明,反應溫度、膠粉摻量、攪拌速率及反應時間對橡膠瀝青性能都具有非常顯著性影響,橡膠瀝青的反應不是單個反應參數(shù)的單獨作用,而是所有因素共同作用下的復雜反應;基于TOPSIS的橡膠瀝青多指標優(yōu)化評價,得出橡膠瀝青最優(yōu)參數(shù)為反應溫度190℃、膠粉摻量為20%、攪拌速率為2000r/min、反應時間為60min。其次,通過橡膠瀝青性能測試表明,常溫生產膠粉改性瀝青性能要明顯高于冷凍生產膠粉改性瀝青性能;橡膠瀝青膠粉摻量越大,橡膠瀝青粘度越大;且40目膠粉改性瀝青的性能明顯優(yōu)于30目和80目;通過FTIR測試表明,常溫膠粉改性瀝青較冷凍膠粉改性瀝青反應更劇烈,產生新的官能團;而常溫和冷凍膠粉改性瀝青的LMS變化并無明顯規(guī)律。最后,通過對基質瀝青來源對橡膠瀝青性能的測試表明,基質瀝青來源對橡膠瀝青性能起到非常顯著性作用;克煉瀝青與膠粉的反應較其它兩種瀝青更劇烈,其分子結構中LMS顯著增大并產生新的官能團,克煉橡膠瀝青性能也最好,SK次之,埃索改性性能最差。
[Abstract]:Waste tire rubber powder is the main source of solid waste. By modifying the waste tire rubber powder with asphalt and using it in asphalt pavement construction, it can not only effectively reduce the pollution to the environment and realize the reuse of resources. The mechanical properties of asphalt pavement such as rutting resistance, reflective crack, water stability and fatigue cracking can be improved significantly. In addition, rubber asphalt pavement has good smoothness, high skid resistance and ground noise. However, the research on the reaction mechanism of rubber asphalt under different technological parameters is unclear at home and abroad. It is found that the performance of rubber asphalt is poor in the process of production and application of rubber asphalt and the expected effect is not achieved. Therefore, how to produce and prepare rubber asphalt with excellent performance and explore the reaction mechanism of rubber asphalt under different reaction conditions have become the main technical problems of "wet process" rubber asphalt. First of all, on the basis of the research on the technological parameters of rubber asphalt production and the reaction mechanism of rubber asphalt at home and abroad, combined with a large number of laboratory tests, the viscosity and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR),) was adopted. The reaction parameters and internal reaction mechanism of rubber asphalt were studied by IR (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The reaction mechanism of rubber asphalt under different reaction parameters was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Combined with mathematical statistics method, a multi-index evaluation model of rubber asphalt production process parameters is established, and the optimum process parameters of rubber asphalt are determined. Secondly, according to the obtained technological parameters of rubber asphalt production, different production process rubber powder modified asphalt, including normal temperature production process rubber powder and frozen production process rubber powder, The effects of rubber powder, its content and particle size on the properties of rubber pitch were studied. Finally, the influence of matrix asphalt source on the performance of rubber asphalt was studied. The results showed that the reaction temperature, the amount of rubber powder, the stirring rate and the reaction time all had significant effects on the performance of rubber asphalt, and the reaction of rubber asphalt was not a single reaction parameter. It is a complex reaction under the action of all factors. The optimum parameters of rubber asphalt based on TOPSIS are obtained as follows: reaction temperature 190 鈩，

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