【摘要】：隨著交通、水利、市政等工程建設的高速發(fā)展,隧道、基坑、邊坡及地下洞室等巖體工程的建造也隨之呈現出了明顯的增長趨勢,而由于對工程巖體了解的不夠和分析方法的不足,巖石工程建設中也面臨著邊坡滑坡、隧道塌方、地下空間大變形等工程災害,因而國內外學者對于巖石工程的研究也愈發(fā)受到重視。通過巖體穩(wěn)定性分析,研究工程巖體在外力作用下發(fā)生變形的特征與產生破壞的規(guī)律,并以此評估巖體穩(wěn)定性,為巖石工程設計和施工提供指導,為制定針對性的支護和加固方案提供依據。在節(jié)理裂隙發(fā)育的工程巖體中,薄弱結構面是導致圍巖失穩(wěn)的內在因素,工程開挖擾動打破塊體的原始平衡狀態(tài),臨空面的產生和外力荷載的施加都可能導致塊體的滑移,進而引起圍巖失穩(wěn)。石根華提出的塊體理論以結構面的幾何參數和力學特性作為巖體穩(wěn)定性分析中的控制因素,強調了結構面的重要性。自提出以來,塊體理論以其數學完備性和應用簡便性,廣泛應用于巖石工程的穩(wěn)定性分析中。本文基于塊體理論做了以下研究:(1)研究了塊體理論基本原理,利用矢量分析方法實現可動塊體和關鍵塊體的計算,并將其應用于隧道圍巖的穩(wěn)定性分析中,研究討論了地下水壓力、塊體尺寸和結構面產狀分布等因素對塊體穩(wěn)定性的影響,研究了基于塊體理論的錨噴支護計算。(2)研究了一種擴展的關鍵塊體理論——關鍵塊體群方法,其研究對象不僅是單個塊體,還包括由若干塊體組成的塊組,讓塊體穩(wěn)定性分析更具完備性。各關鍵塊體組安全系數的加權平均值可以表征巖體系統(tǒng)的整體穩(wěn)定性。關鍵塊體群方法應用于隧道圍巖塊體穩(wěn)定分析中,可以考慮錨桿支護的作用,評估支護后的圍巖穩(wěn)定性,并做出優(yōu)化。(3)研究討論了動荷載對圍巖穩(wěn)定性的影響,通過等效靜力法將動荷載轉化為靜力引入到塊體理論的計算中,通過塊體累積位移法將作用時程內動荷載的影響用累積位移的方式表征。(4)巖體中結構面的產狀在一定范圍內變化,但是一般認為其分布服從一定的規(guī)律,基于結構可靠度的思想,通過蒙特卡羅方法,分析了結構面參數的不確定性對塊體穩(wěn)定性的影響;研究了結構面產狀服從正態(tài)分布和極值I型分布時塊體的破壞模式和塊體可靠度;用塊體的可靠度結合安全系數作為評價塊體穩(wěn)定性的兩大指標。(5)基于塊體理論,利用VB語言開發(fā)可視化關鍵塊體計算程序KBCALC 3.0實現了關鍵塊體識別、塊體安全系數、塊體大小的快速計算;通過VB和CAD的混合編程實現了塊體形狀、塊體位置、塊體破壞軌跡的顯示和塊體破壞模式的三維動態(tài)展示。利用該程序對福壽高速公路長崗隧道某洞段圍巖穩(wěn)定性進行了計算,討論了水壓力、塊體大小、結構面力學參數等對塊體穩(wěn)定性的影響,進行了塊體可靠度分析,并基于塊體計算結果進行了錨桿支護設計。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of traffic, water conservancy and municipal engineering, the construction of rock mass projects such as tunnels, foundation pits, slopes and underground caverns has also shown an obvious trend of growth. However, due to the lack of understanding of the engineering rock mass and the insufficiency of the analytical method, the rock engineering construction is also faced with engineering disasters such as slope landslide, tunnel collapse, large deformation of underground space, etc. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the study of rock engineering by domestic and foreign scholars. Through the stability analysis of rock mass, the characteristics of deformation and failure of engineering rock mass under the action of external force are studied, and the stability of rock mass is evaluated in order to provide guidance for the design and construction of rock engineering. It provides the basis for the establishment of targeted support and reinforcement schemes. In the engineering rock mass with joints and fractures, the weak structural plane is the internal factor that leads to the instability of surrounding rock, the disturbance of excavation breaks the original equilibrium state of the block, the generation of the face near the void and the application of external force load may lead to the slippage of the block. Then the surrounding rock is unstable. The block theory put forward by Shi Guanhua takes the geometric parameters and mechanical properties of the structural plane as the controlling factor in the stability analysis of rock mass and emphasizes the importance of the structural plane. Since it was put forward, block theory has been widely used in the stability analysis of rock engineering due to its mathematical completeness and simplicity. In this paper, the following research is done based on block theory: (1) the basic principle of block theory is studied, and the calculation of movable block and key block is realized by using vector analysis method, and it is applied to the stability analysis of tunnel surrounding rock. The effects of groundwater pressure, block size and distribution of structure surface on block stability are studied and discussed. The calculation of bolting and shotcrete support based on block theory is studied. (2) an extended key block theory, the key block group method, is studied. The research object is not only a single block, but also a block group composed of several blocks. Make block stability analysis more complete. The weighted average of the safety factor of the key blocks can represent the overall stability of the rock mass system. When the key block group method is applied to the stability analysis of surrounding rock mass in tunnel, the effect of bolt support can be considered, and the stability of surrounding rock after supporting can be evaluated and optimized. (3) the influence of dynamic load on the stability of surrounding rock is studied and discussed. The equivalent static method is used to transform the dynamic load into the static force, which is introduced into the calculation of the block theory. The effect of internal dynamic load on the action time history is characterized by accumulative displacement method by block cumulative displacement method. (4) the occurrence of structural plane in rock mass varies within a certain range, but its distribution is generally considered to follow a certain law. Based on the idea of structural reliability, the influence of uncertainty of structural plane parameters on block stability is analyzed by Monte Carlo method. The failure mode and block reliability of blocks with normal distribution and type I distribution of extreme value are studied. The reliability of blocks is combined with safety factor as two indexes to evaluate block stability. (5) based on block theory, a visual key block calculation program KBCALC 3.0 is developed by using VB language to realize block identification and block safety factor. Fast calculation of block size; Through the mixed programming of VB and CAD, the display of block shape, block position, block failure trajectory and 3D dynamic display of block failure mode are realized. The stability of surrounding rock in a section of Changgang Tunnel of Fu-shou Expressway is calculated by using this program. The effects of water pressure, block size and mechanical parameters of structural plane on block stability are discussed, and the block reliability is analyzed. And based on the results of block calculation, the design of bolt support is carried out.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U451.2

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本文編號：2313903