【摘要】：公路或鐵路隧道的修建往往需要穿越斷層破碎帶,當(dāng)隧道穿越斷層破碎帶時(shí),卻頻繁發(fā)生涌水災(zāi)害,一直以來(lái),被認(rèn)為是隧道施工中面臨的較大難題之一,斷層破碎帶隧道涌水不僅使隧道施工安全受到威脅,同時(shí)還給隧址周邊環(huán)境帶來(lái)諸多負(fù)面影響。為了攻克這一施工難題,開展對(duì)其的深入研究工作是非常具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的。本文依托岑溪大隧道,通過(guò)實(shí)地踏勘,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)利用高密度電阻率法、可控源音頻大地電磁法、地質(zhì)預(yù)報(bào)探測(cè)儀等多種物探方法,結(jié)合地質(zhì)鉆探取樣分析,對(duì)斷層破碎帶的范圍、斷層破碎帶及其圍巖的工程特性進(jìn)行了調(diào)查研究,分析了隧道涌水成因機(jī)制,并提出處治措施,同時(shí)利用有限元軟件進(jìn)行相關(guān)模擬分析。主要得出了以下成果和結(jié)論:1.通過(guò)物探和鉆探相結(jié)合的方法,確定了斷層破碎帶是呈開口向上的拋物線式分布發(fā)育的,其具有控水、導(dǎo)水的工程特性;鉆探取樣的結(jié)果分析表明,斷層破碎帶圍巖具有易擾動(dòng)、遇水軟化等工程特性。2.根據(jù)相關(guān)的勘察分析結(jié)果,認(rèn)為岑溪大隧道涌水類型屬于導(dǎo)水?dāng)鄬佑克?通過(guò)建立隧道涌水力學(xué)模型,確定涌水機(jī)制為斷層活化型涌水機(jī)制。3.通過(guò)闡述岑溪大隧道涌水事件的經(jīng)過(guò),采取了緊急抽水、地表塌陷處理、掌子面洞渣回填反壓等應(yīng)急處治措施方案,涌水災(zāi)害得到了控制,為了避免后期施工再次發(fā)生涌水,提出了全斷面帷幕注漿,局部采用徑向超前小導(dǎo)管預(yù)加固的預(yù)防處治措施,并給出具體相關(guān)技術(shù)參數(shù)。4.利用MIDAS/GTS有限元分析軟件對(duì)注漿加固后的隧道,采用的三種開挖方法分別進(jìn)行滲流-應(yīng)力耦合的模擬分析,模擬結(jié)果顯示,注漿加固后隧道涌水量明顯減小,同時(shí)采用環(huán)形預(yù)留核心土開挖方法,初期支護(hù)受到的應(yīng)力最小。最后通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè),證明了模擬結(jié)果的正確性。岑溪大隧道實(shí)例表明,針對(duì)斷層破碎帶涌水,本文的研究方法及結(jié)論可推廣至類似情況的其他工程。
[Abstract]:The construction of highway or railway tunnel often needs to cross the broken fault zone. When the tunnel passes through the fault broken zone, it often occurs water gushing disaster, which has been regarded as one of the great problems in tunnel construction. The tunnel water gushing in broken fault zone not only threatens the safety of tunnel construction, but also brings many negative effects to the surrounding environment of tunnel site. In order to solve this construction problem, it is of great practical significance to carry out in-depth research on it. In this paper, based on the Cenxi large tunnel, through field exploration, using high-density resistivity method, controllable source audio magnetotelluric method, geological prediction detector and other geophysical exploration methods, combined with geological drilling sampling analysis, the range of fault fracture zone is analyzed. The engineering characteristics of fault fracture zone and its surrounding rock are investigated, the formation mechanism of tunnel water gushing is analyzed, and the treatment measures are put forward. At the same time, the relevant simulation analysis is carried out by using finite element software. The main results and conclusions are as follows: 1. Through the combination of geophysical prospecting and drilling, it is determined that the fault fracture zone is a parabolic distribution with an opening up, and it has the engineering characteristics of controlling water and conducting water. The analysis of drilling sampling shows that the surrounding rock of fault fracture zone has engineering characteristics such as easy disturbance and water softening. 2. According to the results of investigation and analysis, it is considered that the type of water gushing in Cenxi large tunnel belongs to the type of water gushing of water diversion fault. Through the establishment of hydraulic model of tunnel surge, it is determined that the mechanism of water gushing is the mechanism of fault activation type of water gushing. 3. Through expounding the process of water gushing incident in Cenxi large tunnel, emergency water pumping, surface subsidence treatment, backfilling backpressure of face hole slag and other emergency treatment measures are adopted. The water gushing disaster is controlled, in order to avoid water gushing again in later construction. The prevention and treatment measures of full section curtain grouting and local prestrengthening with radial leading small ducts are put forward, and the relevant technical parameters are given. 4. The seepage and stress coupling of the three excavation methods are simulated and analyzed by using the MIDAS/GTS finite element analysis software. The simulation results show that the water inflow of the tunnel is obviously reduced after grouting reinforcement. At the same time, with the method of ring reserved core soil excavation, the stress of initial support is minimum. Finally, the correctness of the simulation results is proved by the field measurement. The example of Cenxi tunnel shows that the research method and conclusion of this paper can be extended to other similar projects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U453.61

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

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