【摘要】：隧道建設(shè)一直是我國(guó)發(fā)展交通和市政建設(shè)的大頭,在地形條件較差和地質(zhì)構(gòu)造復(fù)雜的地區(qū),斷層帶、褶皺、節(jié)理裂隙等構(gòu)造比較發(fā)育,地下水豐富,隧道圍巖所處的工程地質(zhì)條件較差,增加了隧道施工難度和危險(xiǎn),面臨的施工難題也日趨復(fù)雜,因此如何提高復(fù)雜地區(qū)隧道超前預(yù)報(bào)的準(zhǔn)確性已經(jīng)成為迫切解決的課題。本文通過(guò)理論數(shù)值模擬分析和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)方法,結(jié)合工程驗(yàn)證,對(duì)復(fù)雜地質(zhì)區(qū)隧道的綜合物探預(yù)報(bào)技術(shù)做了研究,旨在提高隧道的超前預(yù)報(bào)準(zhǔn)確性。本課題具體的研究?jī)?nèi)容和所取得的成果為:(1)結(jié)合隧道常見(jiàn)的巖溶、斷層、煤層瓦斯的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害特征和國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)隧道地質(zhì)超前預(yù)報(bào)的各種方法特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了分析,闡述了選擇TSP法和地質(zhì)雷達(dá)法作為綜合預(yù)報(bào)方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)及可行性。通過(guò)分析單一物探方法的局限性,對(duì)比綜合物探技術(shù)在排除單一方法多解性中的優(yōu)越性。根據(jù)復(fù)雜隧道地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的危害和成因不同,通過(guò)對(duì)隧道超前探測(cè)的存在的預(yù)報(bào)技術(shù)對(duì)比研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)地質(zhì)雷達(dá)法和TSP法能夠相互印證,發(fā)揮各自的特點(diǎn),取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短,為隧道施工提高可靠的技術(shù)支持和保障。(2)研究了TSP超前預(yù)報(bào)方法的工作原理和觀測(cè)系統(tǒng),通過(guò)自己寫(xiě)代碼模擬了在隧道全空間地震波的傳播特征和響應(yīng)特征,并對(duì)隧道預(yù)報(bào)中常見(jiàn)的斷層、空洞以及充填型溶洞等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的彈性波特征做了數(shù)值模擬,從而彌補(bǔ)了在隧道地下空間的地震波資料有限的缺點(diǎn),通過(guò)實(shí)測(cè)資料的對(duì)比,判斷其合理性和可行性。正演模擬結(jié)果結(jié)合實(shí)測(cè)典型異常區(qū)的圖像特征收集,對(duì)比已有的軟件解釋依據(jù)和方法,參考典型災(zāi)害異常區(qū)的隧道TSP反射層位與物理力學(xué)參數(shù)二維成果圖,通過(guò)成果圖像列舉,總結(jié)了TSP法在隧道超前預(yù)報(bào)的解譯標(biāo)志。(3)研究了探地雷達(dá)的工作原理、觀測(cè)方式和資料解釋方法,運(yùn)用Gpr Max正演模擬軟件,對(duì)隧道異常區(qū)的地質(zhì)雷達(dá)勘探進(jìn)行了有針對(duì)性的數(shù)值模擬,主要從巖溶空洞、含水溶洞、掌子面前方斷層等幾個(gè)不同特征著手,豐富了在隧道巖溶和斷層方面雷達(dá)資料有限的缺點(diǎn),通過(guò)實(shí)測(cè)圖像的比對(duì),判斷其合理性和可行性。正演模擬結(jié)果對(duì)比實(shí)測(cè)地質(zhì)雷達(dá)異常區(qū)的電磁波特征收集,總結(jié)并完善了地質(zhì)雷達(dá)法在隧道超前探測(cè)中的判識(shí)準(zhǔn)則,從而輔助技術(shù)人員來(lái)識(shí)別不同異常區(qū)的形態(tài)和特征。(4)通過(guò)對(duì)地質(zhì)雷達(dá)和TSP綜合物探技術(shù)在同一隧道巖溶超前預(yù)報(bào)中的應(yīng)用效果分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)TSP的預(yù)報(bào)法的探測(cè)距離長(zhǎng),對(duì)于軟弱、斷層破碎帶巖性界面等面狀構(gòu)造探測(cè)效果好,對(duì)不規(guī)則形態(tài)的三度地質(zhì)體,如溶洞、暗河等不良地質(zhì)體探測(cè)效果較差;而地質(zhì)雷法對(duì)短距離探測(cè)精度高,對(duì)充水、充泥、空腔以及不規(guī)則三度地質(zhì)體(溶洞、暗河)探測(cè)效果好。結(jié)合前期的工程地質(zhì)資料,采用TSP法和地質(zhì)雷達(dá)法這種長(zhǎng)預(yù)報(bào)與短預(yù)報(bào)相結(jié)合、面狀構(gòu)造預(yù)報(bào)與不規(guī)則地質(zhì)體預(yù)報(bào)相結(jié)合的模式,能夠?qū)λ淼罏?zāi)害地質(zhì)體的具體位置和特征進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確、可靠的預(yù)報(bào),預(yù)報(bào)結(jié)果能夠滿足巖溶隧道的安全施工要求。
[Abstract]:Tunnel construction has always been a major part of the development of transportation and municipal construction in China. In areas with poor topographic conditions and complicated geological structure, faults, folds, joints and cracks are well developed, groundwater is abundant, and the engineering geological conditions of the surrounding rock of the tunnel are poor, which increases the difficulty and danger of tunnel construction, and the construction problems are increasingly complex. Therefore, how to improve the accuracy of tunnel prediction in complex areas has become an urgent problem. In this paper, through theoretical numerical simulation analysis and field test methods, combined with engineering verification, comprehensive geophysical prediction technology of tunnel in complex geological areas is studied, aiming to improve the accuracy of tunnel prediction. The research contents and achievements are as follows: (1) Based on the characteristics of geological hazards of karst, faults and coalbed methane common in tunnels and the research status at home and abroad, the characteristics of various methods for tunnel geological advance prediction are analyzed, and the advantages and feasibility of selecting TSP method and GPR method as comprehensive prediction methods are expounded. The limitation of single geophysical prospecting method is compared with the superiority of comprehensive geophysical prospecting technology in eliminating the multiple solutions of single method.According to the different hazards and causes of geological hazards in complex tunnels,through the comparative study of the prediction technology for the existence of tunnel advanced detection,it is found that the geological radar method and the TSP method can verify each other,display their respective characteristics and acquire their advantages. (2) Study the working principle and observation system of TSP advance prediction method, simulate the propagation characteristics and response characteristics of seismic waves in the whole space of tunnel by writing code, and give the elasticity of common geological disasters such as faults, cavities and filling karst caves in tunnel prediction. Wave characteristics are simulated numerically to make up for the shortcoming of limited seismic data in underground space of tunnel. The rationality and feasibility are judged by comparing the measured data. The forward simulation results are combined with the collection of image features of typical anomaly areas, and the existing software interpretation basis and methods are compared with reference to typical disaster anomaly areas. TWO-DIMENSIONAL RESULTS MAP OF TSP REFLECTION HORIZONE AND PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PARAMETERS OF TUNNEL AND THE INTERPRETATION MARKS OF TSP METHOD FOR TUNNEL PREDICTION are summarized by enumerating the results of the images. (3) The working principle, observation method and data interpretation method of ground penetrating radar are studied. The numerical simulation of karst cave, water-bearing cave and faults in front of the face enriches the shortcomings of limited radar data in tunnel karst and faults, and judges its rationality and feasibility by comparing the measured images. Collecting, summarizing and perfecting the criterion of GPR method in tunnel advance detection, so as to assist technicians to identify the shape and characteristics of different anomaly areas. (4) By analyzing the application effect of GPR and TSP comprehensive geophysical prospecting technology in the same tunnel karst advance prediction, it is found that the detection distance of TSP method is long. The weak fault fracture zone lithologic interface isosurface structure detection effect is good, the irregular shape of the third-degree geological bodies, such as caves, dark rivers and other bad geological bodies detection effect is poor; and the geological lightning method for short-range detection accuracy, filling water, filling mud, cavity and irregular third-degree geological bodies (caves, dark rivers) detection effect is good. The combination of long-range forecast and Short-Range Forecast by TSP method and GPR method, and the combination of surface structure forecast and irregular geological body forecast can accurately and reliably predict the specific location and characteristics of the geological body in the tunnel disaster, and the forecast results can meet the requirements of the safe construction of karst tunnel.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U452.11

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