【摘要】：橋梁結構的安全余度是指橋梁在個別構件失效后的剩余承載能力。在橋梁結構中任何構件都不是單獨工作,而是始終處在相互作用影響下�，F(xiàn)代橋梁在運營階段部分構件的損傷與破壞不可完全避免,為了保證部分構件失效時結構具有良好的抗連續(xù)倒塌能力以確保結構的整體性,近年來,歐美國家頒布了結構抗連鎖倒塌設計標準,以改善結構的安全余度儲備。本研究通過對橋梁安全余度和抗連續(xù)倒塌研究發(fā)展狀況的簡要評述,介紹了結構安全余度的定義,討論了橋梁安全余度和抗連續(xù)倒塌分析及評價的3類方法的演變和發(fā)展。判定性方法主要是基于橋梁的在荷載作用下的位移、承載力、能量、結構構件敏感性在橋梁破損發(fā)生后的變化確定結構的安全儲備;結構概率方法是基于可靠理論針對橋梁在特定荷載作用下的相對可靠指標進行分析以求得結構的失效概率;基于風險分析方法主要是在確定了結構面臨的風險以及相應的結構易損性后著重考慮了結構倒塌對于經(jīng)濟、社會、環(huán)境等方面的綜合影響。指出了目前橋梁安全余度和抗連續(xù)倒塌分析的研究與應用方面的缺陷,并提出有待進一步研究的問題。文中指出:判定性方法應計入荷載作用形式對橋梁破壞過程的影響;對復雜結構橋梁安全余度評定制訂出相應的應用標準;完備關于連續(xù)倒塌各方面影響的相關預測數(shù)據(jù)作為基于風險分析方法分析的基礎。
[Abstract]:The safety redundancy of bridge structure refers to the residual bearing capacity of the bridge after the failure of individual components. In the bridge structure, any component does not work alone, but always under the influence of interaction. The damage and damage of some members of modern bridge are unavoidable in the operation stage. In order to ensure that the structure has good ability to resist continuous collapse and ensure the integrity of the structure when some members fail, in recent years, the damage and damage of some members of modern bridge are not completely avoided. European and American countries have issued design standards for structural chain collapse in order to improve structural safety reserves. Based on a brief review of the development of research on bridge safety redundancy and continuous collapse resistance, the definition of structural safety redundancy is introduced, and the evolution and development of three kinds of methods for bridge safety redundancy and continuous collapse analysis and evaluation are discussed. The judging method is mainly based on the displacement, bearing capacity, energy and sensitivity of the bridge under load to determine the safety reserve of the structure after the damage of the bridge. The structural probability method is based on the reliability theory to analyze the relative reliability index of the bridge under the specific load to obtain the failure probability of the structure. Based on the risk analysis method, the comprehensive effects of structural collapse on economy, society, environment and so on are considered after determining the risk of structure and the corresponding structural vulnerability. The defects in the research and application of the analysis of bridge safety redundancy and continuous collapse resistance are pointed out, and the problems to be further studied are put forward. In this paper, it is pointed out that the determinative method should take into account the influence of the form of load on the bridge failure process, and draw up the corresponding application standard for the evaluation of the safety redundancy of the bridge with complex structure. Complete prediction data about the impact of continuous collapse are used as the basis of risk analysis.
【作者單位】： 長安大學公路學院;
【基金】：中國博士后科學基金項目(2015M572511)
【分類號】：U447

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本文編號：2219457