城市道路環(huán)境下駕駛員應(yīng)激響應(yīng)視覺特性
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-16 09:15
【摘要】：研究表明,事故的發(fā)生與駕駛?cè)送挥鼍o急的突發(fā)事件密切相關(guān)。在駕駛?cè)笋{駛過程中,如果對緊急事件沒有做好心理準備,或者在緊急事件發(fā)生后,駕駛?cè)藢χ車煌ōh(huán)境觀察不夠,判斷失誤,容易造成事故。因此,研究駕駛?cè)嗽诰o急情況下的應(yīng)激反應(yīng),對于改善道路交通安全有著重大的意義。而研究表明,百分之八十以上的信息是通過視覺獲得的,因此研究駕駛?cè)嗽趹?yīng)激反應(yīng)下的視覺特性,是研究駕駛?cè)藨?yīng)激反應(yīng)的重要部分。本文通過進行理論分析和試驗驗證,對駕駛?cè)嗽趹?yīng)激反應(yīng)時的視覺特性進行了研究。本文進行了多次試驗,通過采用澳大利亞的SeeingMachines公司所生產(chǎn)的FaceLAB 5眼動儀對駕駛?cè)说难矍蜻\動行為進行追蹤,采集其眼動行為特征數(shù)據(jù),并根據(jù)國內(nèi)外研究以及實際路面情況,對發(fā)生應(yīng)激情形過程中駕駛?cè)说淖⒁晠^(qū)域進行劃分。隨后本文對比了駕駛?cè)嗽谠囼瀳鲋性诓煌囁傧聭?yīng)激響應(yīng)前和應(yīng)激響應(yīng)時的眼動情況、駕駛?cè)嗽诔鞘械缆窇?yīng)激響應(yīng)時的眼動情況以及駕駛?cè)嗽诟咚俟窇?yīng)激響應(yīng)時的眼動情況,并且對這些情景中的視覺特性進行了比較,找出差異存在的原因。本文隨后根據(jù)統(tǒng)計的數(shù)據(jù),計算了目光注視點在不同區(qū)域的轉(zhuǎn)移概率,并且試著解釋了跨區(qū)域掃視這種掃視模式對于危險度的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,在試驗場中隨著車速升高,駕駛?cè)烁嗖捎弥苿拥姆绞奖茈U,在應(yīng)激響應(yīng)時的掃視頻率以及掃視速度與應(yīng)激響應(yīng)前比較都會上升,而眨眼頻率會下降。駕駛?cè)嗽谠囼瀳鰬?yīng)激響應(yīng)時的掃視頻率和眨眼頻率會隨著危險程度下降而下降。而駕駛?cè)说淖⒁朁c范圍,在車速較低時,比駕駛?cè)嗽趹?yīng)激響應(yīng)前的注視點范圍大,而隨著車速升高,注視點范圍縮小。駕駛?cè)嗽谠囼瀳鲋袘?yīng)激響應(yīng)前的掃視幅度和掃視速度都比應(yīng)激響應(yīng)時的小。駕駛?cè)嗽诔鞘械缆泛透咚俟窇?yīng)激響應(yīng)前的眨眼頻率大于應(yīng)激響應(yīng)時,而掃視頻率小于應(yīng)激響應(yīng)時。并且在城市道路上應(yīng)激響應(yīng)前的掃視幅度小于應(yīng)激響應(yīng)時的掃視幅度,而在高速公路上應(yīng)激響應(yīng)前的掃視幅度大于應(yīng)激響應(yīng)時的掃視幅度,兩種情形,駕駛?cè)说膾咭曀俣榷急葢?yīng)激響應(yīng)前增加。駕駛?cè)擞覀?cè)出現(xiàn)物體,車輛左側(cè)車道和當前車道的信息是非常重要的。駕駛?cè)嗽谠囼瀳鰬?yīng)激響應(yīng)時隨著車速變高,注視點的轉(zhuǎn)移路徑種類增加,視線靈活性變好,視線更活躍。并且隨著車速升高,駕駛?cè)藢ψ笥覀?cè)車道的關(guān)注程度上升,并且駕駛?cè)藢τ谧髠?cè)車道的關(guān)注程度大于右側(cè)車道。比較駕駛?cè)嗽诔鞘械缆泛透咚俟窇?yīng)激響應(yīng)時與在應(yīng)激響應(yīng)前的情形,駕駛?cè)嗽趹?yīng)激響應(yīng)時其視線更靈活.駕駛?cè)嗽诔鞘械缆钒l(fā)生應(yīng)激響應(yīng)時,與應(yīng)激響應(yīng)前相比較對于當前車、左后視鏡和右側(cè)車道的關(guān)注程度上升。駕駛?cè)嗽诟咚俟钒l(fā)生應(yīng)激響應(yīng)時,與應(yīng)激響應(yīng)前相比對于當前車道和右側(cè)車道的關(guān)注程度上升,而對左側(cè)車道和左后視鏡的關(guān)注程度下降。本研究得到了國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51178053)和教育部長江學(xué)者和創(chuàng)新團隊發(fā)展計劃項目(IRT1286)的資助。
[Abstract]:The study shows that the accident is closely related to the sudden emergency of the driver. In the driver's driving process, if the emergency incident is not prepared, or when the emergency happens, the driver is not enough to observe the surrounding traffic environment, misjudge and cause an accident. Therefore, the driver is studied in an emergency. Under the stress response, it is of great significance to improve road traffic safety. And the study shows that more than eighty percent of the information is obtained through the vision, so the study of the driver's visual characteristics under the stress response is an important part of the study of the driver's stress response. The visual characteristics of the people were studied during the stress response. In this paper, a number of experiments were carried out to track the driver's eye movement behavior by using the FaceLAB 5 eye movement instrument produced by the Australian SeeingMachines company, and collect the characteristics of its eye movements. In the process of passion, the driver's gaze area is divided. Then, the eye movement of the driver in the test field before the stress response and the stress response are compared, the eye movement of the driver on the urban road stress response and the eye movement of the driver in the stress response of the motorway are also compared. The visual characteristics in the scene are compared, and the reasons for the difference are found. Then, based on the statistical data, this paper calculates the transfer probability of eye gaze points in different regions, and tries to explain the relationship between the cross region saccade and the risk degree. The result shows that in the test field, with the speed of car increasing, the driver is more. The rate of sweeping video and the speed of the scavenging and the stress response will increase while the blink frequency decreases. The driver's scan rate and blink frequency decrease with the degree of danger in the stress response of the test field. The driver's gaze point range is large before the stress response, but as the speed increases, the range of the fixation point decreases. The driver's saccade amplitude and saccade speed are smaller than the stress response in the test field. The driver's blink frequency before the urban road and the expressway stress response is larger than the stress response, but the rate of scanning video is small. In response to stress response, the range of saccades is less than the stress response before stress response on the urban road, and the range of saccade amplitude is greater than that of stress response before stress response on the highway. The two cases, the driver's saccade speed is higher than before the stress response. The driver appears on the right side of the vehicle, the vehicle is on the right side. The information of the left lane and the current lane is very important. The driver's response to the stress response in the test field increases with the speed of the vehicle, the shift path of the gaze point increases, the vision flexibility becomes better, and the line of sight is more active. And with the speed of the driver, the driver's attention to the left and right lane rises and the driver's side lane is closed. The driver is more flexible in the stress response of the driver in the stress response of the city road and the highway and before the stress response. When the driver responds to the stress response of the city road, the driver is concerned with the current car, the left rear view mirror and the right lane when compared with the stress response. During the stress response of the motorway, the attention of the driver to the current lane and the right lane is rising, while the attention to the left lane and the left rearview mirror is down. This study has been obtained by the National Natural Science Foundation (51178053) and the Yangtze River scholar and the innovation team development project of the Ministry of education. (IRT1286) funding.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.25
本文編號：2125926
[Abstract]:The study shows that the accident is closely related to the sudden emergency of the driver. In the driver's driving process, if the emergency incident is not prepared, or when the emergency happens, the driver is not enough to observe the surrounding traffic environment, misjudge and cause an accident. Therefore, the driver is studied in an emergency. Under the stress response, it is of great significance to improve road traffic safety. And the study shows that more than eighty percent of the information is obtained through the vision, so the study of the driver's visual characteristics under the stress response is an important part of the study of the driver's stress response. The visual characteristics of the people were studied during the stress response. In this paper, a number of experiments were carried out to track the driver's eye movement behavior by using the FaceLAB 5 eye movement instrument produced by the Australian SeeingMachines company, and collect the characteristics of its eye movements. In the process of passion, the driver's gaze area is divided. Then, the eye movement of the driver in the test field before the stress response and the stress response are compared, the eye movement of the driver on the urban road stress response and the eye movement of the driver in the stress response of the motorway are also compared. The visual characteristics in the scene are compared, and the reasons for the difference are found. Then, based on the statistical data, this paper calculates the transfer probability of eye gaze points in different regions, and tries to explain the relationship between the cross region saccade and the risk degree. The result shows that in the test field, with the speed of car increasing, the driver is more. The rate of sweeping video and the speed of the scavenging and the stress response will increase while the blink frequency decreases. The driver's scan rate and blink frequency decrease with the degree of danger in the stress response of the test field. The driver's gaze point range is large before the stress response, but as the speed increases, the range of the fixation point decreases. The driver's saccade amplitude and saccade speed are smaller than the stress response in the test field. The driver's blink frequency before the urban road and the expressway stress response is larger than the stress response, but the rate of scanning video is small. In response to stress response, the range of saccades is less than the stress response before stress response on the urban road, and the range of saccade amplitude is greater than that of stress response before stress response on the highway. The two cases, the driver's saccade speed is higher than before the stress response. The driver appears on the right side of the vehicle, the vehicle is on the right side. The information of the left lane and the current lane is very important. The driver's response to the stress response in the test field increases with the speed of the vehicle, the shift path of the gaze point increases, the vision flexibility becomes better, and the line of sight is more active. And with the speed of the driver, the driver's attention to the left and right lane rises and the driver's side lane is closed. The driver is more flexible in the stress response of the driver in the stress response of the city road and the highway and before the stress response. When the driver responds to the stress response of the city road, the driver is concerned with the current car, the left rear view mirror and the right lane when compared with the stress response. During the stress response of the motorway, the attention of the driver to the current lane and the right lane is rising, while the attention to the left lane and the left rearview mirror is down. This study has been obtained by the National Natural Science Foundation (51178053) and the Yangtze River scholar and the innovation team development project of the Ministry of education. (IRT1286) funding.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.25
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