【摘要】：隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展,人們對(duì)交通的需求已不再局限于其運(yùn)輸功能上,道路景觀、行車環(huán)境等因素越來越多的受到人們的關(guān)注,更希望道路景觀與道路本身相互融合,營(yíng)造出舒適美觀的道路行車環(huán)境。舒適美觀的行車環(huán)境不僅能給駕駛員帶來輕松的駕駛環(huán)境,還能通過景觀的變化對(duì)駕駛員進(jìn)行刺激,保證行車安全。目前的研究?jī)H停留在高速公路景觀、安全駕駛的獨(dú)立層面,而沒有對(duì)二者的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系進(jìn)行深入分析,不能適應(yīng)駕駛員的需求�；诖�,本文立足于高速公路景觀與安全駕駛的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系,進(jìn)行了相關(guān)研究,建立了高速公路景觀與安全駕駛指標(biāo)之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系模型,并提出了景觀與安全駕駛的研究體系。文章針對(duì)目前在道路景觀和安全駕駛方面研究的不足,首先在分析山區(qū)高速公路景觀、動(dòng)態(tài)景觀特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,梳理出了道路景觀的不同分類及其特點(diǎn),并著重闡述了山區(qū)高速公路的景觀特點(diǎn),為后景觀研究奠定了理論基礎(chǔ);其次重點(diǎn)分析了道路景觀對(duì)安全駕駛的影響,詳述了駕駛員的動(dòng)態(tài)視覺感知特性,認(rèn)識(shí)到駕駛員的注意力會(huì)隨外部環(huán)境的變化而變化的現(xiàn)象,提出了保持外部景觀變化處于最佳范圍時(shí),外界景觀的刺激能夠讓駕駛員保持良好的精神狀態(tài),從而保證安全駕駛,避免發(fā)生事故的觀點(diǎn);文章第四章為本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn),分別從客觀、主觀兩個(gè)層面對(duì)山區(qū)高速公路的景觀變化進(jìn)行量化,客觀上以靜態(tài)圖片為基礎(chǔ),分別采用LBP、景觀布局、宏觀色彩三種方法,得到了靜態(tài)圖片的紋理絕對(duì)差、結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)值和色彩絕對(duì)值,主觀上以動(dòng)態(tài)視頻為基礎(chǔ),采用專家打分法對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)視頻進(jìn)行打分;最后,通過進(jìn)行駕駛模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)獲得了駕駛員的心率變化曲線,并將四種方法得到的數(shù)據(jù)與駕駛員心率的變化進(jìn)行回歸分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)LBP、景觀布局、專家打分法得到的結(jié)果與駕駛員心率變化存在關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系,進(jìn)而構(gòu)建了心率與三組數(shù)據(jù)之間的模型關(guān)系,得到了當(dāng)景觀的變化值增大時(shí),駕駛員的心率會(huì)出現(xiàn)明顯的上升趨勢(shì),即增加道路景觀中的變化點(diǎn),可以有效對(duì)駕駛員進(jìn)行刺激,進(jìn)而降低了交通事故發(fā)生的可能性,保證行車安全的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:With the development of the times, people's demand for traffic is no longer limited to its transportation function. More and more people pay attention to the factors such as road landscape, driving environment and so on. Create a comfortable and beautiful driving environment. The comfortable and beautiful driving environment can not only bring easy driving environment to the driver, but also stimulate the driver through the change of landscape to ensure the driving safety. The current research only stays in the highway landscape, the safe driving independent level, but does not carry on the thorough analysis to the two correlation relations, cannot meet the driver's demand. Based on this, based on the relationship between expressway landscape and safe driving, this paper studies the relationship between landscape and safe driving, establishes the functional model of expressway landscape and safety driving index, and puts forward the research system of landscape and safe driving. Aiming at the deficiency of the research on road landscape and safe driving at present, firstly, on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of highway landscape and dynamic landscape in mountainous area, this paper sorts out the different classification and characteristics of road landscape. The landscape characteristics of expressway in mountainous area are expounded emphatically, which lays a theoretical foundation for the research of post-landscape. Secondly, the influence of road landscape on safe driving is analyzed, and the dynamic visual perception characteristics of drivers are described in detail. Recognizing that drivers' attention varies with the change of the external environment, and suggesting that when maintaining the optimal range of external landscape changes, the stimulation of the external landscape can enable the driver to maintain a good mental state and thus ensure safe driving, The fourth chapter is the innovation of this paper, which quantifies the landscape changes of highway in mountainous area from objective and subjective aspects, and adopts LBP, landscape layout, which is based on static picture. Three methods of macro color are obtained, such as absolute difference of texture, relative value of structure and absolute value of color, subjectively based on dynamic video, using expert scoring method to score dynamic video. The change curve of the driver's heart rate was obtained by the driving simulation experiment, and the regression analysis between the data obtained by the four methods and the change of the driver's heart rate was carried out, and the LBP, landscape layout was found. The results obtained by the expert scoring method are related to the heart rate change of the driver, and the model relationship between the heart rate and the three groups of data is constructed. It is concluded that when the change value of the landscape increases, the heart rate of the driver will appear an obvious upward trend. That is to say, increasing the change points in the road landscape can stimulate drivers effectively, thus reducing the possibility of traffic accidents and ensuring the safety of driving.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491.25

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本文編號(hào)：2119364