本文選題：盆式支座 + 球型支座��； 參考：《濟南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：橋梁支座是橋梁工程中重要的結(jié)構(gòu)部件,它連接橋梁的上部結(jié)構(gòu)與下部結(jié)構(gòu),并將來自橋梁上部結(jié)構(gòu)的力均勻的傳遞給下部結(jié)構(gòu),使橋梁上下部分之間原本的剛性接觸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槿嵝越佑|。由于高鐵橋梁在我國的廣泛應(yīng)用,導(dǎo)致了橋梁之間工況環(huán)境產(chǎn)生了較大的差異,因此這就需要科研工作者研究新型的支座來滿足龐大的工程需求�，F(xiàn)如今工廠大量生產(chǎn)的傳統(tǒng)支座主要為球型支座與盆式支座。盆式支座擁有非常好的豎向承載能力,在載荷平穩(wěn)下有不錯的力學(xué)性能;球型支座承載能力優(yōu)秀,摩擦系數(shù)低且轉(zhuǎn)角大,減隔震性能優(yōu)異。雖然支座發(fā)展趨勢為球型支座漸漸替代盆式支座,但盆式支座在一定工況下還擁有不錯的性能。本論文將傳統(tǒng)球型支座的下支座板與盆式支座的下支座板相結(jié)合,并用剪斷銷將上下支座板進行連接,使支座在受力不大的時候工作形式為盆式支座;當(dāng)支座受力較大,需要更大的轉(zhuǎn)角和位移時,工作狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榍蛐椭ё�。并對此設(shè)計進行了必要的設(shè)計計算。然后對此支座的摩擦學(xué)特性進行了一定的研究,試驗結(jié)果表明:設(shè)計計算符合相關(guān)的國家標準。并對此設(shè)計進行數(shù)值模擬,包括支座的三維建模、應(yīng)力分析與瞬態(tài)響應(yīng)分析,并制作出滯回特性曲線,直觀的反應(yīng)出此支座的滯回特性。分析結(jié)果表明:此支座的主要部件的應(yīng)力與應(yīng)變均滿足相關(guān)行業(yè)標準。本論文的主要創(chuàng)新點如下:(1)高鐵橋梁平常工作時,支座受力不大,這時支座應(yīng)作為盆式支座工作;一旦出現(xiàn)地震、強風(fēng)或其他可能導(dǎo)致高鐵橋梁載荷過大的情況時,支座應(yīng)作為球型支座工作,以滿足橋梁的受力需求。(2)由于支座在不同的受力條件下需要轉(zhuǎn)換功能,采用了四個剪斷銷進行必要的限位。(3)由于原球型支座的球面鋼板為鏡面不銹鋼材料,成本較高,所以對球型支座球面鋼板進行材料替換,保持力學(xué)性能的前提下減少了成本,并對此材料的摩擦磨損性能進行研究。本文在支座結(jié)構(gòu)、試驗、有限元分析中運用了新的思路與方法,嘗試為之后新型支座設(shè)計研究提供新的思路與標準依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Bridge support is an important structural component in bridge engineering. It connects the superstructure and the substructure of the bridge and transfers the force from the superstructure of the bridge to the substructure uniformly. The rigid contact between the upper and lower parts of the bridge is converted into flexible contact. Due to the wide application of high-speed railway bridges in China, there are great differences in the operating conditions between bridges, so it is necessary for researchers to study new types of supports to meet the huge engineering needs. Now factory mass production of the traditional support for the ball-type support and basin-type support. The basin bearing has very good vertical bearing capacity and good mechanical performance under steady load. The spherical bearing has excellent bearing capacity, low friction coefficient and large rotation angle, and excellent isolation performance. Although the development trend of the pedestal is that the spherical bearing is gradually replacing the basin-type bearing, the basin-type bearing has good performance under certain working conditions. In this paper, the lower bearing plate of traditional spherical bearing is combined with the lower support plate of basin bearing, and the upper and lower support plates are connected with the shear pin to make the support work in the form of basin bearing when the force is not large. When greater angle and displacement are needed, the working state changes to a spherical bearing. The necessary design calculation is carried out. Then the tribological characteristics of the bearing are studied and the experimental results show that the design and calculation are in accordance with the relevant national standards. Numerical simulation of the design is carried out, including three-dimensional modeling, stress analysis and transient response analysis, and the hysteretic characteristic curve is made, which directly reflects the hysteretic characteristics of the bearing. The results show that the stress and strain of the main parts of this support meet the relevant industry standards. The main innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) when the high speed railway bridge is working, the bearing force is not large, then the bearing should be used as the basin support; once there is an earthquake, the strong wind or other conditions may cause the heavy load of the high speed railway bridge. The bearing should be used as a ball bearing to meet the stress requirements of the bridge. (2) since the bearing needs conversion function under different stress conditions, Four shearing pins are used to limit the necessary position. (3) because the spherical steel plate of the original spherical bearing is mirror stainless steel material and the cost is high, the spherical steel plate of the spherical bearing is replaced with the material to keep the mechanical properties and the cost is reduced. The friction and wear properties of the material were studied. In this paper, new ideas and methods are used in support structure, test and finite element analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：濟南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U443.36

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