本文選題：隧道火災(zāi) + 防災(zāi)救援　； 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：伴隨我國(guó)鐵路交通的大發(fā)展,長(zhǎng)大鐵路隧道的數(shù)量與規(guī)模也逐漸增多�！惰F路隧道防災(zāi)救援疏散工程設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》己經(jīng)頒布,對(duì)隧道的防災(zāi)疏散做出了詳細(xì)規(guī)定：長(zhǎng)度20km及以上的隧道或隧道群應(yīng)設(shè)置緊急救援站,緊急救援站之間的距離不應(yīng)大于20kmm。緊急救援站應(yīng)具備將人員快速疏散到安全區(qū)域并能自救或通過(guò)救援到達(dá)洞外的條件。本文以成蘭線平安隧道為工程背景,利用FDS對(duì)救援站進(jìn)行了縱向排煙模式、半橫向拱側(cè)獨(dú)立排煙道排煙模式和半橫向拱頂獨(dú)立排煙道排煙模式在火災(zāi)情況下的三維數(shù)值動(dòng)態(tài)模擬；對(duì)比分析這三種排煙模式的排煙效果。應(yīng)用FDS+Evac軟件展開了救援站在不同疏散站臺(tái)寬度、橫通道間距下的三維人員疏散數(shù)值模擬；比較了在不同疏散站臺(tái)寬度、橫通道間距下的安全疏散時(shí)間,提出平安隧道救援站火災(zāi)排煙模式和救援站設(shè)計(jì)中的關(guān)鍵參數(shù)。通過(guò)研究得出以下結(jié)論：(1)縱向排煙模式下,在火源附近50m范圍內(nèi)最高溫度達(dá)到160℃和能見度下降到10m以下,對(duì)人員疏散造成不利影響,威脅人員生命安全。并且在此種排煙模式下端部發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí),不能開啟火災(zāi)隧道內(nèi)風(fēng)機(jī),開啟風(fēng)機(jī)可能引起危險(xiǎn)范圍擴(kuò)大。(2)半橫向拱側(cè)排煙模式能夠一定程度的控制煙氣的流動(dòng),煙氣最長(zhǎng)蔓延400m,比較充分的實(shí)現(xiàn)了“人煙分離”。救援站內(nèi)溫度被控制在60℃以下。中部火災(zāi)時(shí),能見度一直保持在15m以上；端部火災(zāi)時(shí),在1100s之后部分區(qū)域能見度下降到10m以下�；馂�(zāi)發(fā)生在救援站端部時(shí)比發(fā)生在中部危險(xiǎn)。(3)半橫向拱頂排煙模式能夠很好的控制煙氣的流動(dòng),并且煙氣蔓延距離遠(yuǎn)小于半橫向拱側(cè)排煙模式,煙氣最長(zhǎng)蔓延距離為250m,充分實(shí)現(xiàn)“人煙分離”,。豎井式聯(lián)絡(luò)煙道能利用煙氣的“煙囪效應(yīng)”。救援站內(nèi)整體溫度在53℃以下,整個(gè)計(jì)算過(guò)程能見度都維持在14m以上。(4)救援站站臺(tái)寬度與橫通道間距對(duì)人員疏散的總時(shí)間均有影響。僅在站臺(tái)寬度為0.5m時(shí),橫通道間距的變化對(duì)總疏散時(shí)間產(chǎn)生較大影響,當(dāng)站臺(tái)寬度超過(guò)1.5m時(shí),橫通道間距的變化(40-60m)對(duì)總疏散時(shí)間幾乎沒(méi)有影響。橫通道間距固定的情況下,當(dāng)站臺(tái)寬度超過(guò)1.5m后,隨著站臺(tái)寬度的增加,疏散總時(shí)間幾乎沒(méi)有改變。在救援站內(nèi)決定人員疏散時(shí)間的關(guān)鍵參數(shù)為救援站臺(tái)寬度。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of railway traffic in China, the number and scale of long and large railway tunnels have increased gradually. The Design Code for disaster Prevention, Rescue and evacuation of Railway tunnels has been promulgated. The disaster prevention and evacuation of tunnels should be regulated in detail: emergency rescue stations should be set up in tunnels or tunnel groups with length 20km or above, and the distance between emergency rescue stations should not be more than 20kmmm. Emergency stations should be equipped to evacuate personnel quickly to a safe area and be able to rescue themselves or reach outside the hole through rescue. Taking the Ping'an Tunnel of Chenglan Line as the engineering background, this paper makes use of FDS to carry on the longitudinal smoke exhaust mode to the rescue station. Three-dimensional numerical dynamic simulation of semi-lateral arch side independent flue exhaust mode and semi-transverse arch roof independent flue exhaust mode under fire condition is carried out, and the smoke exhaust effects of these three smoke exhaust modes are compared and analyzed. Using FDS Evac software, the numerical simulation of the evacuation of the rescue station under different evacuation platform width and horizontal passage spacing is carried out, and the safety evacuation time under different evacuation platform width and horizontal passage spacing is compared. The fire smoke exhaust mode and the key parameters in the design of the rescue station of Ping an Tunnel are presented. The following conclusions are drawn from the study: under the longitudinal smoke exhaust mode, the maximum temperature reaches 160 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1973333