本文選題：公交站點優(yōu)化 + 公交站點OD矩陣��； 參考：《吉林大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會的進步和經濟的飛速發(fā)展，我國城市化建設的進程和汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展也得到了有效推進。然而縱橫交錯的城市道路卻不能很好地疏導城市交通。交通擁堵、環(huán)境污染等問題日益嚴重。不僅造成了時間的浪費、社會勞動力的閑置，也大大降低了人們的生活質量，影響著人們的身心健康。在可持續(xù)發(fā)展思想的指導下，發(fā)展公共交通倡導綠色出行已迫在眉睫。一方面提倡市民綠色出行，另一面也要建設符合城市需求的公共交通系統(tǒng)，而且顯然后者更為重要。只有公共交通系統(tǒng)方便市民出行、具有高水平的服務質量，才能大大增加對乘客的吸引力。在公交線網規(guī)劃中，能否合理地規(guī)劃公共交通線路的走向，關系著公共交通能否充分發(fā)揮自身的作用。目前在進行公共交通規(guī)劃時，，主要采用“四階段模型”，即出行生成、出行分布、方式劃分、客流分配，其中客流分配是十分重要的組成部分。 早晚高峰時段是交通擁堵問題最突出的時段，也是居民出行對公共交通系統(tǒng)最依賴的時段。能否找到更為有效的模型來分配高峰時段的公交客流，直接關系著公共交通系統(tǒng)能否在交通問題最突出的時段發(fā)揮綠色交通的作用。其次，以往的公交分配模型中，公交客流從交通小區(qū)質心出發(fā)，導致交通小區(qū)的形狀以及交通小區(qū)質心與道路網的相對位置對分配結果的影響非常大。如果能夠獲得公交站點間的OD矩陣，將公交站點間的OD矩陣分配到交通網絡上，便可以大大降低交通小區(qū)形狀以及交通小區(qū)質心位置對公交客流分配的影響，獲得更為合理的客流分配結果。再次，對于公交站點規(guī)劃的合理與否不僅影響著公交線路的運營還影響著公交系統(tǒng)對公交乘客的吸引力，所以公交站點布局的優(yōu)化也是一個亟待解決的問題。 為此本文依托國家自然科學基金項目“基于網絡拓撲和交通擁堵分析的公交網絡生成優(yōu)化模型與算法研究（51378237）”，在國內外研究的基礎上，基于圖論、庫侖定律、超網絡等理論，對公交站點優(yōu)化和高峰時段公交客流分配進行研究，以公交站點OD生成為切入點，分別進行了基于庫侖定律的公交站點OD矩陣生成、軌道交通站間距優(yōu)化模型與算法、基于超網絡的常規(guī)公交站點優(yōu)化模型和高峰時段公交客流分配的Logit模型改進研究。本文所完成的科研成果具體如下： 1.對公交站點間OD矩陣生成模型進行研究。首先分析了公交站點對公交客流吸引強度的特性，應用庫侖定律，將公交站點類比為帶電體，根據公交站點的空間分布情況，計算不同站點間引力和斥力，從而分別建立了交通小區(qū)間公交站點OD矩陣和交通小區(qū)內公交站點OD矩陣的求解模型。再分析不同公交方式站點的服務特性，引入不均衡系數對模型進行了優(yōu)化。最后，對模型中的靈敏度系數進行了分析和求解。 2.對軌道交通站間距優(yōu)化進行研究。首先對擬建城市規(guī)劃區(qū)邊界的形狀進行了分析，將城市分為三種形態(tài)，并引入了城市半徑來衡量城市的地域規(guī)模。根據軌道交通各級線路相關技術特性將線路分為兩個類別，分別建立了基于城市規(guī)模的軌道交通平均站間距模型，并通過對靈敏度系數的分析對模型進行了求解。再根據線路途經區(qū)域能否建設站點，將線路分為可行區(qū)、交叉區(qū)和連接區(qū)，然后再根據線路途徑區(qū)域的土地性質及客流量將站點分為三個等級，分析站點的理想位置是否在可行區(qū)域中，建立了逐級確定軌道交通站點位置模型。 3.對常規(guī)公交站點優(yōu)化進行研究。首先將交通小區(qū)細分為源小區(qū)，并定義了連接道路和節(jié)點。再用超圖表述了不同等級道路、不同規(guī)模的源小區(qū)與不同節(jié)點之間的關系。將源小區(qū)按照區(qū)域規(guī)模和人口規(guī)模各分為三個等級，再綜合考慮小區(qū)的區(qū)域規(guī)模和人口規(guī)模，根據矩陣的對角相似性，將源小區(qū)規(guī)模分為五個等級。將城市道路分為四個等級，將站點分為五個等級，并對站點超圖進行了子圖劃分。根據源小區(qū)、道路、常規(guī)公交備選站點三者超圖的關系，求解不同節(jié)點的權重。最后在節(jié)點子圖中逐級優(yōu)化站點，并求解了較小源小區(qū)站點數的權重。 4.對高峰時段公交客流分配的Logit模型改進研究。首先對站點的擁擠程度進行了分析，并對站點滯留系數進行了定義和求解。然后從乘客出行時間函數、乘客換乘懲罰函數、線路發(fā)車間隔三個方面對Logit模型進行了改進。再根據站點擁擠情況及公交站點間有、無直達線路，將公交站點分為有直達線路的不擁擠站點、無直達線路的不擁擠站點、擁擠站點三類，分別建立Logit模型求解模型。最后通過實例，分析了參數和T f對分配結果的影響，對模型的參數ω和ωm ax進行了標定。 5.依托《白城市城市公共交通專項規(guī)劃（2014-2030）》的項目成果，對本文建立的模型和算法進行實證。首先分析了白城市2030年城市總體規(guī)劃和公交線網規(guī)劃的概況。然后對輕軌線路站點布局和常規(guī)公交站點布局進行了優(yōu)化。然后根據公交站點的優(yōu)化結果，分別求解了不同交通小區(qū)內公交站點的距離矩陣，并求解了公交站點OD生成模型中站點的相關系數，將交通小區(qū)之間的OD矩陣轉換為公交站點間的OD矩陣。再結合公交站點途經線路的情況，對公交站點的擁擠程度進行了判定，最后，運用改進的Logit模型進行了客流分配，并將模型的分配結果與項目的分配結果進行了對比分析。 本文的研究成果可豐富公共交通規(guī)劃理論體系，可為公交系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃提供更為準確的堅實的數據支撐，同時對完善城市公共交通系統(tǒng)的建設也有較高的理論價值和實際意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the society and the rapid development of economy , the process of urbanization and the development of automobile industry have also been effectively promoted . However , the traffic jam and environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious . In the planning of public transport , it is more important to develop public transport system which accords with the city needs .

The peak period of traffic congestion is the most prominent time period of traffic jam , and it is the most important period for residents to travel to the public transport system . The effect of traffic cell shape and the relative position of traffic cell centroid and road network can be greatly reduced .

Based on the theory of network topology and traffic congestion analysis , the paper studies the bus station optimization and bus passenger flow distribution based on the theory of graph theory , Coulomb ' s law and super - network based on the national natural science fund project . Based on the theories of graph theory , Coulomb ' s law and super - network , the paper studies the bus station OD matrix generation , the rail transit station spacing optimization model and the algorithm based on the Coulomb ' s law , and improves the study of Logit model based on the conventional bus station optimization model and the peak period transit passenger flow distribution based on the super - network . The research achievements completed in this paper are as follows :

1 . The model of OD matrix generation between bus stations is studied . Firstly , the characteristics of bus station ' s attraction strength to bus passenger flow are analyzed . According to the Coulomb ' s law , the attraction and repulsive force between different sites are calculated according to the space distribution of the bus station . The model of OD matrix and OD matrix of the bus in the small traffic area is established . Finally , the sensitivity coefficients in the model are analyzed and solved .

2 . The distance optimization of urban rail transit station is studied . Firstly , the shape of the boundary of urban planning area is analyzed , and the urban radius is introduced to measure the geographical size of the city . According to the technical characteristics of the line at all levels , the model is divided into two categories , the line is divided into two categories : feasible area , intersection area and connection area , then the site can be divided into three levels according to the land property and passenger flow of the route region .

3 . Research on the optimization of regular bus station . Firstly , the traffic cell is divided into source cell , and the connection road and node are defined . The relation between source cell and different nodes of different grade roads and different scale is described by using hypergraph . The source cell is divided into five grades according to the regional scale and population size . The sub - map of the different nodes is calculated according to the relationship between the source cell , the road and the general public transport alternative site . Finally , the station is optimized in the node sub - graph and the weight of the number of the smaller source cell sites is solved .

4 . The Logit model of bus passenger flow distribution in the rush hour period is improved . Firstly , the congestion degree of the station is analyzed , and the site retention coefficient is defined and solved . Then , the Logit model is improved from three aspects : passenger travel time function , passenger transfer penalty function and line departure interval . Based on the situation of site congestion and the three types of bus stations , the Logit model is established . Finally , the influence of parameters and T f on the distribution result is analyzed . The parameters 蠅 and 蠅m ax of the model are calibrated .

5 . Based on the project results of urban public transport special planning ( 2014 - 2030 ) , the paper makes an empirical study on the model and algorithm established in this paper . First , the paper analyses the general situation of urban planning and bus network planning in the city of white city by 2030 . Then , according to the optimization results of the bus station , the distance matrix of bus stations in different traffic areas is optimized . Then , according to the bus station ' s optimization results , the congestion degree of the bus station is determined . Finally , the improved Logit model is applied to the passenger flow distribution , and the distribution result of the model is compared with the allocation result of the project .

The research results can enrich the theoretical system of public transport planning , provide more accurate data support for the planning of public transport system , and also have higher theoretical value and practical significance for improving the construction of urban public transport system .
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.17

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本文編號：1953307