本文選題：城市干道 + 時(shí)空資源利用率　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市交通是現(xiàn)代化城市生活的命脈,城市干道作為城市道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)的主骨架,是保障城市交通大動(dòng)脈暢通的關(guān)鍵。然而現(xiàn)有道路在設(shè)計(jì)和管理上存在諸多不合理的地方,如交通沖突集中于交叉口導(dǎo)致了路網(wǎng)交通運(yùn)行瓶頸的形成、路口與路段時(shí)空資源利用率嚴(yán)重失衡等問(wèn)題。在城市交通扮演著越來(lái)越重要角色的今天,如何促使城市干道路段及交叉口時(shí)空資源最大化利用,在提高道路網(wǎng)通行效率的同時(shí),還能兼顧交通安全,是一項(xiàng)亟待研究和解決的課題。首先選取哈爾濱路網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)中交通擁堵且事故多發(fā)的典型城市干道進(jìn)行交通調(diào)查,分析了城市干道交通運(yùn)行存在的主要問(wèn)題。通過(guò)調(diào)查獲取了道路狀況、交通組織情況、交通流量和交通事故及交通沖突等數(shù)據(jù),經(jīng)分析得出現(xiàn)有路網(wǎng)事故高發(fā)及效率低下的主要原因在于缺乏分散交叉口交通沖突的組織理念,管理過(guò)程中精細(xì)化程度不足,以及隨著城市經(jīng)濟(jì)人口發(fā)展,帶來(lái)的交通設(shè)施容量不足產(chǎn)生的供需矛盾。然后以時(shí)空資源利用率為指標(biāo),分析得到城市干道時(shí)空資源的利用效率普遍低下,可以通過(guò)增設(shè)路內(nèi)停車位,提高各相位綠信比,減少相位數(shù)量等方式提高路口及路段的利用效率。并結(jié)合交通沖突面密度分析現(xiàn)有道路時(shí)空資源配置方法對(duì)交通安全的影響,提出應(yīng)將交叉口交通沖突引入路段的設(shè)計(jì)思路。緊接著以分散交叉口交通沖突的空間分布為基本思路,同時(shí)結(jié)合交通信號(hào)協(xié)調(diào)控制等交通組織手段,針對(duì)慢行交通提出非機(jī)動(dòng)車道外移;針對(duì)靜態(tài)交通提出在道路兩側(cè)設(shè)置停車位,在交叉口出口道臨近停車線處設(shè)置公交站點(diǎn);針對(duì)交叉口直行車流提出直行待駛區(qū)設(shè)置方法;針對(duì)交叉口左轉(zhuǎn)車流提出干道掉頭和直行+右轉(zhuǎn)兩種消除左轉(zhuǎn)相位的交通組織方法,以增加干道時(shí)空資源利用效率,同時(shí)提升干道整體的通行效率和安全性能。最后以哈爾濱市長(zhǎng)江路-嵩山路交叉口及相鄰路段組成的城市干道空間為例,對(duì)其進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)和評(píng)價(jià)分析,選取路段飽和度、延誤、排隊(duì)長(zhǎng)度、交通沖突面密度等評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),利用VISSIM仿真軟件,對(duì)比分析既有城市干道時(shí)空資源配置方法和本文提出的城市道路時(shí)空資源優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法的優(yōu)劣。
[Abstract]:Urban traffic is the lifeblood of modern city life. As the main skeleton of urban road network, urban trunk road is the key to ensure the smooth flow of urban traffic artery. However, there are many unreasonable places in the design and management of existing roads, such as traffic conflicts concentrated on intersections, resulting in the formation of road network traffic bottlenecks, the serious imbalance in the utilization of space-time resources between intersections and road sections, and so on. Nowadays, urban traffic is playing a more and more important role. How to promote the maximum use of space-time resources of urban trunk roads and intersections, which can improve the efficiency of road network and give consideration to traffic safety at the same time. It is an urgent subject to be studied and solved. Firstly, a typical urban trunk road with traffic congestion and frequent accidents in Harbin road network system is selected for traffic investigation, and the main problems existing in the traffic operation of urban trunk roads are analyzed. Data on road conditions, traffic organization, traffic flow, traffic accidents and traffic conflicts were obtained through the survey. Through analysis, the main reasons for the high incidence of road network accidents and low efficiency are the lack of organizational concept of traffic conflicts at scattered intersections, the lack of refinement in the management process, and the development of urban economic population. The shortage of traffic facilities leads to the contradiction between supply and demand. Then, taking the utilization ratio of space-time resources as an index, it is found that the utilization efficiency of space-time resources of urban trunk roads is generally low, which can be improved by adding in-road parking spaces to improve the green and information ratio of each phase. Reduce the number of phases and other ways to improve the use of intersections and sections of the efficiency. Combined with the density of traffic conflict area, this paper analyzes the influence of the existing methods of road space-time resource allocation on traffic safety, and puts forward the design idea that should introduce traffic conflict at intersection into road section. Then, taking the spatial distribution of traffic conflict at scattered intersection as the basic idea, combining with traffic signal coordination control and other traffic organization means, the non-motorized lane is proposed for slow traffic. In view of static traffic, the paper puts forward setting up parking spaces on both sides of the road, setting up bus stops near the stop line at the exit of the intersection, and putting forward the method of setting up the straight waiting area for the traffic flow in the intersection. In order to increase the utilization efficiency of space-time resources of the main road and improve the overall traffic efficiency and safety performance of the main road, two traffic organization methods, namely, the turning around of the trunk road and the right turning directly, are put forward to eliminate the phase of the left turn in order to improve the utilization efficiency of the space-time resources of the trunk road. Finally, taking the urban trunk road space composed of the intersection of Changjiang Road and Songshan Road in Harbin as an example, the optimal design and evaluation analysis are carried out, and the saturation, delay and queue length of the section are selected. By using VISSIM simulation software, the methods of space-time resource allocation of existing urban trunk roads and the optimization design method of space-time resources of urban roads proposed in this paper are compared and analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U491

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