本文選題：模型試驗(yàn) + 車路相互作用�。� 參考：《石家莊鐵道大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,重載汽車的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛,并在道路交通中起著重要作用。重載汽車在行駛過程中,由于路面不平度引起的車輛振動(dòng),影響著車輛行駛的平順性和駕乘的舒適性,而車輛振動(dòng)又反作用于路面,造成路面的破壞,因此,汽車與路面是一個(gè)相互作用的耦合系統(tǒng)。目前,對(duì)車路相互作用系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)的研究已逐漸成為熱點(diǎn),但由于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)需耗費(fèi)巨大財(cái)力,因此大多數(shù)研究都是基于理論計(jì)算分析與軟件的模擬仿真,而理論分析的力學(xué)模型與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)存在著較大差異,因此,開展車路相互作用系統(tǒng)的力學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)模型試驗(yàn)研究,對(duì)深入進(jìn)行車輛—路面相互作用系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)的研究具有非常重要的意義。本文根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)室現(xiàn)有條件,分別設(shè)計(jì)制作了長(zhǎng)為2.25 m的鋼制簡(jiǎn)支梁模型、由彈簧支撐的分布剛度路面模型、二自由度四分之一汽車模型與長(zhǎng)為2.25 m的鋼制正弦波形路面模型。測(cè)定了簡(jiǎn)支梁模型的抗彎剛度、前9階固有頻率及振型和阻尼比。通過靜、動(dòng)載試驗(yàn),分別研究了簡(jiǎn)支梁模型的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)和模型的動(dòng)力學(xué)特性。為實(shí)現(xiàn)車路相互作用的模型試驗(yàn),本文設(shè)計(jì)加工制作了二自由度車輛模型,通過振動(dòng)臺(tái)掃頻及定頻試驗(yàn),研究了車輛模型的振動(dòng)固有特性,確定系統(tǒng)的懸掛特性和阻尼特性,為研究車路相互作用提供了依據(jù)。論文對(duì)車路相互作用試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)建立了相應(yīng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)方程,利用模態(tài)疊加法求解了相互作用系統(tǒng)的振動(dòng)方程,得到了車、路在確定載荷激勵(lì)和隨機(jī)載荷激勵(lì)作用下的響應(yīng)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,將路面模型與車輛模型結(jié)合,進(jìn)行了車路系統(tǒng)的試驗(yàn),與仿真結(jié)果對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了理論分析的正確性。最后論文分析了由于路面不平順?biāo)鸬能囕v模型的振動(dòng)與運(yùn)動(dòng)的關(guān)系,車輛懸架阻尼參數(shù)對(duì)車輛振動(dòng)的影響。本文從試驗(yàn)角度,通過建立兩自由度車輛模型與路面模型相互作用系統(tǒng),研究了在車輛荷載作用下,不同的支撐條件下的不同梁結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力學(xué)響應(yīng),同時(shí),車輛受到路面激勵(lì)的響應(yīng)。通過數(shù)值仿真和試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了車路相互作用動(dòng)力學(xué)模型仿真計(jì)算和試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的正確性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of transportation, heavy-duty vehicles are widely used and play an important role in road traffic. In the course of driving, the vehicle vibration caused by the road roughness affects the ride comfort of the vehicle and the ride comfort, and the vehicle vibration reacts on the road, resulting in the destruction of the road surface. The automobile and the road surface are an interaction coupling system. At present, the research on the dynamics of vehicle-road interaction system has gradually become a hot topic, but because the field test requires a huge amount of money, most of the research is based on theoretical calculation analysis and software simulation. However, the mechanical model of the theoretical analysis is different from the field test. Therefore, the mechanical structural model test of the vehicle-road interaction system is carried out. It is of great significance to study the dynamics of vehicle-road interaction system. According to the existing conditions in the laboratory, the steel simply supported beam model with a length of 2.25m, the distributed stiffness pavement model supported by a spring, the two-degree-of-freedom 1/4 vehicle model and the steel sinusoidal road surface model with a length of 2.25m are designed and made in this paper. The flexural stiffness, the first nine natural frequencies, the mode shape and damping ratio of the simply supported beam model were measured. The stress state of the simply supported beam model and the dynamic characteristics of the model are studied by static and dynamic load tests. In order to realize the model test of vehicle-road interaction, a two-degree-of-freedom vehicle model is designed and manufactured in this paper. The inherent vibration characteristics of the vehicle model are studied by vibration table sweep frequency and fixed frequency test, and the suspension and damping characteristics of the system are determined. It provides a basis for the study of vehicle-road interaction. In this paper, the dynamic equations of the vehicle-road interaction test system are established, the vibration equations of the interaction system are solved by the modal superposition method, and the responses of the vehicle and the road under the definite load excitation and the random load excitation are obtained. On this basis, the road model is combined with the vehicle model, and the experimental results are compared with the simulation results to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Finally, the relationship between vehicle model vibration and motion caused by road irregularities and the influence of vehicle suspension damping parameters on vehicle vibration are analyzed. In this paper, the dynamic responses of different beam structures under vehicle loads and different bracing conditions are studied by establishing the interaction system of two degrees of freedom vehicle model and pavement model from the point of view of experiment. At the same time, The response of the vehicle to road excitation. The correctness of the simulation and test results of the vehicle / road interaction dynamic model is verified by comparing the numerical simulation results with the experimental results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石家莊鐵道大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491.25

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本文編號(hào)：1938376