發(fā)布時間：2018-05-20 02:33

  本文選題：汽車安全性 + 安全氣囊��； 參考：《吉林大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會的不斷進步，汽車銷量的急劇增加，交通事故日益頻繁和嚴重。在歐洲、美國、日本等一些汽車工業(yè)發(fā)達的國家，交通事故傷亡率普遍偏高，死亡人數(shù)達到總人數(shù)的70%多。在中國，隨著社會的發(fā)展，交通事故的數(shù)量雖然逐步降低，但是交通事故的傷亡率卻逐漸上升，這表明中國汽車安全性能有待提高。因此，提高汽車安全性能，保護車內乘員、路上行人及其他弱勢群體成為各國政府、汽車制造企業(yè)、科研機構和消費者日益關注的問題。汽車商家研發(fā)機構要持續(xù)不斷的對氣囊進行技術改進，以滿足人們對安全性能的需求，同時希望技術的改進能帶來更佳的汽車性能，這樣才能取得市場份額。 氣囊是汽車安全系統(tǒng)必備的零部件，對于保護乘員安全、降低乘員傷害具有非常重要的作用。當發(fā)生汽車碰撞時氣囊爆炸似的迅速展開，使乘客與比較軟的氣囊接觸，避免乘員與車內其他零部件發(fā)生二次碰撞，盡可能的降低乘員傷害。汽車安全氣囊的展開性能關乎安全氣囊是否有效的減少乘員傷害保護乘員安全，氣囊靜態(tài)展開的工作性能作為氣囊研發(fā)和制造的重要參考數(shù)據(jù)。因此，有必要針對安全氣囊展開性能測試展開深入研究。 本文基于整車安全性，以汽車安全氣囊為研究對象，，閱讀了國內外安全氣囊相關文獻，概括了汽車安全系統(tǒng)和汽車安全氣囊的發(fā)展歷程以及國內外研究現(xiàn)狀。首先介紹汽車安全氣囊的結構組成、分類、折疊方法、工作原理及其測試方法；然后介紹了常用的氣囊靜態(tài)展開試驗，并著重介紹頭錘跌落靜態(tài)起爆試驗，分析氣囊靜態(tài)展開性能參數(shù)的重要性。運用壓強計算方程、氣體壓縮能方程和氣體流速方程，設計能夠吸收緩沖氣囊展開的爆發(fā)力的緩沖方法；根據(jù)作用力與反作用力大小相等的原理，設計直接測出氣囊反作用力的測試方法，并針對動態(tài)特性進行分析，降低試驗誤差。 總結以上方法原理并結合靜態(tài)展開試驗和相關標準，設計一種能循環(huán)使用并能在實驗中一次測量氣囊的啟動時間、展開時間、反作用力、展開的角速度和加速度等多種工作性能的綜合測試試驗臺，主要介紹氣囊展開速度及加速度緩沖裝置和反作用力測試裝置兩部分的機械結構。通過所設計的試驗臺測得的數(shù)據(jù)可以用于判斷氣囊靜態(tài)展開的工作性能，并且測得的數(shù)據(jù)還可以為氣囊、車身骨架和儀表板等零部件的制造與生產(chǎn)提供參考。然后運用所設計的試驗臺針對某一型號汽車安全氣囊進行靜態(tài)展開性能測試試驗，并對試驗測試所得結果進行分析，檢驗所設計的試驗臺的可靠性。 通過所設計的試驗臺測試所得數(shù)據(jù)分析利用有限元仿真軟件針對安全氣囊與儀表板等汽車零部件之間的安全匹配進行仿真，為汽車安全氣囊、車身骨架、儀表板的設計提供重要的數(shù)據(jù)依據(jù)，最后對本文內容進行歸納與總結，并對本課題研究提出進一步展望。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the rapid increase of automobile sales, traffic accidents are becoming more and more frequent and serious. In Europe, the United States, Japan and other countries with developed automobile industries, the casualty rate of traffic accidents is generally high, with the death toll reaching more than 70 percent of the total. In China, with the development of society, the number of traffic accidents is decreasing gradually, but the casualty rate of traffic accidents is rising gradually, which indicates that the safety performance of Chinese cars needs to be improved. Therefore, improving vehicle safety performance, protecting occupants, pedestrians and other vulnerable groups has become a growing concern of governments, automobile manufacturers, scientific research institutions and consumers. In order to meet the demand of safety performance, the R & D organization of automobile business should continuously improve the technology of airbag to meet the demand of safety performance, and hope that the improvement of technology can bring about better performance of automobile, so as to gain market share. Airbag is an essential part of automobile safety system, which plays an important role in protecting occupant safety and reducing crew injury. When the car collides, the airbag explodes rapidly, which makes the passenger contact with the softer airbag, avoids the second collision between the occupant and other parts in the vehicle, and reduces the injury of the occupant as much as possible. The deployment performance of automobile airbag is related to whether the airbag can effectively reduce the occupant injury to protect the occupant safety. The performance of airbag static deployment is an important reference data for the development and manufacture of airbag. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on airbag performance testing. Based on the safety of the whole vehicle, this paper takes the automobile airbag as the research object, reads the domestic and foreign literature about the airbag, summarizes the development course of the automobile safety system and the automobile safety airbag and the present research situation at home and abroad. This paper first introduces the structure, classification, folding method, working principle and test method of automobile airbag, then introduces the commonly used static expansion test of airbag, and emphatically introduces the static detonation test of head hammer drop. The importance of performance parameters of airbag static expansion is analyzed. Using the pressure calculation equation, the gas compression energy equation and the gas velocity equation, the buffer method which can absorb the exploding force of the buffer airbag is designed, according to the principle that the action force and the reaction force are equal to each other, the pressure calculation equation, the gas compression energy equation and the gas velocity equation are used. The test method of direct measurement of the reaction force of air bag is designed, and the dynamic characteristic is analyzed to reduce the test error. Summing up the above methods and combining with the static expansion test and related standards, a kind of airbag start-up time, expansion time, reaction force that can be recycled and can be measured once in the experiment is designed. This paper introduces the mechanical structure of the air bag expansion speed and acceleration buffer device and the reaction force test device. The measured data can be used to judge the performance of the static expansion of the airbag, and the measured data can also provide a reference for the manufacture and production of parts such as airbag, body skeleton and dashboard. Then the static performance test of a certain type of automobile airbag is carried out by using the designed test bed, and the results of the test are analyzed to verify the reliability of the designed test bed. According to the test data of the designed test bench, the finite element simulation software is used to simulate the safety matching between the airbag and the dashboard, which is the automobile airbag, the body skeleton, etc. The design of instrument board provides important data basis. Finally, the content of this paper is summarized and the further research prospect is put forward.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.61

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