本文選題：橋梁沉降 + 超聲波��； 參考：《東南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：橋梁沉降的發(fā)生會引起結(jié)構(gòu)損傷,承載力下降,造成一系列嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)害事故。因此作為衡量橋梁健康狀態(tài)的主要參數(shù)之一,橋梁沉降是結(jié)構(gòu)監(jiān)測與分析評估的重點(diǎn)。由于原有監(jiān)測技術(shù)的瓶頸以及橋梁沉降長期實(shí)時監(jiān)測的困難,研究新型橋梁監(jiān)測技術(shù),突破原有技術(shù)的局限性,具有重要的學(xué)術(shù)與工程價值。本論文首先介紹了目前橋梁沉降監(jiān)測意義以及現(xiàn)有監(jiān)測技術(shù),通過對這些技術(shù)的原理、性能及優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析,總結(jié)了現(xiàn)階段橋梁沉降監(jiān)測技術(shù)的局限性及其難點(diǎn),為本論文沉降監(jiān)測技術(shù)的研究提供參考。針對現(xiàn)有橋梁沉降監(jiān)測技術(shù)的局限性,本論文首次提出采用基于多模干涉技術(shù)的光纖超聲波傳感系統(tǒng)用于橋梁沉降非接觸式監(jiān)測,并深入研究了光纖傳感器的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計與優(yōu)化、傳感系統(tǒng)機(jī)理、超聲波位移傳感系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與搭建、傳感實(shí)驗(yàn)和橋梁沉降模擬測試。主要研究內(nèi)容包括：(1)系統(tǒng)研究分析了超聲波的特性、基于超聲波的非接觸式測距原理。(2)研究了多模干涉光纖傳感器及其對超聲波探測機(jī)理,理論結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)對傳感器進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計與優(yōu)化,有效提高了光纖傳感器對高頻超聲波的探測靈敏度。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究實(shí)現(xiàn)了多模干涉光纖傳感器對25kHz以上超聲波探測。同時,針對外界環(huán)境變化引起傳感器信號漂移誤差,提出雙傳感器相位參考技術(shù),通過同步測量與解析參考傳感器與測量傳感器相位差值,有效降低了由于外界干擾引起的測量誤差,大幅提高系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性。(3)理論研究基于超聲波的光纖非接觸式測距系統(tǒng)機(jī)理,設(shè)計開發(fā)了并搭建非接觸式位移傳感系統(tǒng),通過多模干涉光纖傳感器對位移所引起連續(xù)超聲波信號的相位變化進(jìn)行實(shí)時探測解析,研究實(shí)現(xiàn)了所設(shè)計傳感系統(tǒng)對3-7米距離內(nèi)位移變化的非接觸式測量,其位移分辨率達(dá)0.2mm。(4)實(shí)驗(yàn)室搭建橋梁沉降測試實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),模擬橋梁實(shí)際沉降發(fā)展規(guī)律,進(jìn)行了模擬沉降監(jiān)測試驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)并驗(yàn)證了所設(shè)計傳感系統(tǒng)對7米范圍內(nèi)微小沉降變化的非接觸式探測,其分辨率保持在0.2mm,測量誤差7%左右。通過對橋梁沉降監(jiān)測的模擬研究實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證該傳感系統(tǒng)可行性及初步的性能指標(biāo),為其用于橋梁沉降監(jiān)測提供了一定的理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:Bridge settlement will cause structural damage and decrease of bearing capacity, resulting in a series of serious disasters. Therefore, as one of the main parameters to measure bridge health, bridge settlement is the focus of structural monitoring and analysis. Because of the bottleneck of the original monitoring technology and the difficulty of long-term real-time monitoring of bridge settlement, it is of great academic and engineering value to study the new bridge monitoring technology and break through the limitations of the original technology. This paper first introduces the significance of bridge settlement monitoring and the existing monitoring technology. Through the analysis of the principle, performance, advantages and disadvantages of these technologies, the limitations and difficulties of bridge settlement monitoring technology at present are summarized. It provides a reference for the research of settlement monitoring technology in this paper. In view of the limitation of the existing bridge settlement monitoring technology, this paper first puts forward the application of fiber optic ultrasonic sensing system based on multi-mode interferometry to bridge settlement non-contact monitoring, and deeply studies the structure design and optimization of optical fiber sensor. Sensor system mechanism, ultrasonic displacement sensing system design and construction, sensing experiment and bridge settlement simulation test. The main research contents include: (1) the characteristics of ultrasonic wave are studied and analyzed. Based on the principle of non-contact ranging of ultrasonic wave, the multimode interferometric optical fiber sensor and its mechanism of ultrasonic detection are studied. The sensitivity of fiber optic sensor to high frequency ultrasonic detection is improved effectively by designing and optimizing the structure of the sensor based on theory and experiment. The multimode interferometric optical fiber sensor for ultrasonic detection above 25kHz is studied experimentally. At the same time, aiming at the sensor signal drift error caused by the change of external environment, a two-sensor phase reference technique is proposed. The phase difference between the reference sensor and the sensor is measured synchronously and analytically. The measurement error caused by external interference is effectively reduced, and the stability of the system is greatly improved. The theoretical study on the mechanism of fiber optic non-contact ranging system based on ultrasonic wave is carried out, and the non-contact displacement sensing system is designed and built. The phase change of continuous ultrasonic signal caused by displacement is detected and analyzed in real time by multimode interferometric optical fiber sensor, and the non-contact measurement of displacement change within 3-7 meters is studied and realized by the designed sensing system. The displacement resolution reaches 0.2mm. 4) the experimental system of bridge settlement testing is set up in the laboratory, and the actual settlement development law of the bridge is simulated, and the simulated settlement monitoring test is carried out. The experimental results show that the sensor system can detect the small subsidence within 7 meters. The resolution of the sensor system is 0.2mm, and the measurement error is about 7%. The feasibility of the sensor system and the preliminary performance index are verified by the simulation research on bridge settlement monitoring, which provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the bridge settlement monitoring.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U446

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