本文選題：應急期 + 最優(yōu)路徑��； 參考：《中國地震局工程力學研究所》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國社會經濟的騰飛和一帶一路戰(zhàn)略的推進,基礎設施建設正以前所未有的速度發(fā)展,道路建設是其中的重要環(huán)節(jié),為人們日常的生活以及社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展等提供了便利,奠定了基礎。然而近年來我國破壞性地震頻發(fā),造成大量人員傷亡與財產損失。交通路網由于其功能上的重要性以及抗震方面的脆弱使其在地震中易遭受破壞且影響巨大,交通系統(tǒng)的破壞以及急增的運輸量給傷亡人員的轉移和救援物資的運輸都帶來了極大的困難。在災后救援中,交通系統(tǒng)既是救援物資運輸的通道,也是搶救傷員和安置群眾的重要保證。因此,在災后第一時間給出最優(yōu)路徑的建議,輔助應急工作,具有重要的意義。由于震后道路條件與震前有很大的變化,如何根據災后的需求,考慮道路的受損情況,路徑的容量以及通行時間等因素,為應急決策提供最優(yōu)路徑建議,始終是研究的熱點問題。近年來,隨著防震減災理念的進一步轉變,對結構以及系統(tǒng)的恢復力進行研究正逐步成為熱點。道路可以在相對短的時間內進行搶修,從而恢復其功能性。在地震應急期,由于時間緊迫,需要盡快將受傷人員運出,以及將應急物資送入受災點,因而當路網受損功能下降到已經無法滿足需求時,需要盡快通過搶修受災路段使得路網恢復其功能,如何量化評估這一過程十分重要。本文針對上述問題開展了以下研究:1、總結分析了典型交通設施震害以及震后應急救援的實際情況和遇到的問題,調研了該領域的研究現狀,包括最優(yōu)路徑的模型建立與計算方法、路網中受災路段的搶修排序以及路網恢復力的評估,提出了本文研究的必要性。2、對現有的最優(yōu)路徑評估模型,如最大容量路徑、最短路徑、最短時間路徑等進行比較討論,進而以運輸期限內最大化運輸量為目標,綜合考慮容量、路徑通行時間、道路受損對容量和行車速度的影響以及路段搶修時間,利用Dijkstra算法與深度優(yōu)先搜索算法提出一種新的最優(yōu)路徑——最大運輸量路徑。并在計算路徑的同時給出維修排序的建議。3、介紹路網恢復力的定義以及數學模型,進而通過構造路網功能函數將路網在災后的受損程度與功能恢復路徑聯系起來,同時考慮應急期物資運輸的實際需求,提出了恢復力的評價方法。并以某市路網為例,分析對比了各類最優(yōu)路徑模型;針對不同的考察目標,對比分析了相應的恢復力差異。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's social economy and the promotion of Belt and Road's strategy, infrastructure construction is developing at an unprecedented speed, and road construction is an important part of it. For people's daily life and the sustainable development of society to provide convenience, laid the foundation. However, destructive earthquakes occur frequently in China in recent years, resulting in a large number of casualties and property losses. Traffic networks, due to their functional importance and seismic vulnerability, are vulnerable to damage and have a significant impact on earthquakes. The destruction of traffic system and the rapid increase of traffic volume bring great difficulties to the transfer of casualties and the transportation of relief materials. In post-disaster relief, transportation system is not only the passage of relief material transportation, but also the important guarantee of rescuing the wounded and resettling the masses. Therefore, it is of great significance to give the advice of the optimal path in the first time after the disaster and to assist the emergency work. Due to the great changes in the road conditions after the earthquake and before the earthquake, how to consider the damage of the road, the capacity of the path, the passage time and other factors according to the needs of the disaster, so as to provide the optimal path advice for the emergency decision. It has always been a hot topic in research. In recent years, with the further transformation of the concept of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, the research on the resilience of structures and systems is becoming a hot spot. Roads can be repaired in a relatively short period of time, thus restoring their functionality. During the earthquake emergency period, due to time constraints, it is necessary to move the injured people out as soon as possible, as well as to send emergency supplies to the disaster site, so that when the damaged function of the road network has been reduced to be unable to meet the demand, It is necessary to restore the function of the road network by repairing the affected section as soon as possible. How to quantitatively evaluate this process is very important. This paper has carried out the following research: 1, summarized and analyzed the actual situation and problems encountered in the earthquake disaster of typical traffic facilities and post-earthquake emergency rescue, and investigated the current research situation in this field. Including the model establishment and calculation method of the optimal path, the emergency repair order of the affected sections in the road network and the evaluation of the road network resilience, the necessity of the research in this paper is put forward. The existing optimal path evaluation model, such as the maximum capacity path, is put forward. The shortest path, shortest time path and so on are compared and discussed, and the aim is to maximize the traffic volume within the transportation period, considering comprehensively the capacity, the passage time of the path, the influence of road damage on the capacity and the speed of driving, and the repair time of the road section. Using Dijkstra algorithm and depth first search algorithm, a new optimal path, the maximum traffic path, is proposed. At the same time, the suggestion of maintenance ranking is given, and the definition and mathematical model of road network resilience are introduced, and then the damage degree of road network after disaster is connected with the functional recovery path by constructing the function function of road network. At the same time, considering the actual demand of material transportation in emergency period, the method of evaluating resilience is put forward. Taking the road network of a certain city as an example, this paper analyzes and compares various kinds of optimal path models, and contrasts and analyzes the corresponding resilience differences for different inspection objectives.
【學位授予單位】：中國地震局工程力學研究所
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491;P315.9

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