本文選題：斜拉橋鋼梁焊接變形控制技術(shù) + 剛性加固法�。� 參考：《石家莊鐵道大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著我國鋼橋建設(shè)事業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展,越來越多的機構(gòu)和學(xué)者投入到焊接變形的研究工作中并發(fā)表了一系列相關(guān)的理論和成果。但與整個鋼橋建設(shè)的發(fā)展速度相比,仍有各方面的不足,主要表現(xiàn)在理論與實際聯(lián)系較少、科研單位側(cè)重于數(shù)值模擬和理論計算、所得成果多是在理想理論狀態(tài)下獲得的,而實際生產(chǎn)中影響焊接變形的因素很多。因此,理論研究成功與實際生產(chǎn)總是有相當(dāng)?shù)钠?而生產(chǎn)企業(yè)由于每個行業(yè)、企業(yè)裝備化水平不同、操作人員水平參差不齊、工藝傳統(tǒng)各有側(cè)重等,焊接變形的預(yù)測及控制大多憑實際經(jīng)驗估計,沒有形成系統(tǒng)的體系,不具有普遍意義。由于鋼材具有強度高、自重輕、低碳環(huán)保等特點,因此,在橋梁建設(shè)中越來越多的采用鋼結(jié)構(gòu),而且橋梁設(shè)計理論水平及冶金技術(shù)的不斷進步,所使用的鋼材強度也越來越高,厚度越來越大,同時焊接方法和焊接設(shè)備不斷更新,也直接促進了鋼橋制造行業(yè)水平的整體提升。而如何有效的預(yù)測及控制焊接變形,保證焊接質(zhì)量及鋼構(gòu)件制造精度,一直以來是研究人員關(guān)注的焦點。本文結(jié)合實際工程,對高強度厚鋼板焊接變形結(jié)果進行統(tǒng)計分析,并通過實測和理論計算的方法進行對比總結(jié),同時提出了控制焊接變形的一系列工藝措施,具有較高的實際意義及一定的應(yīng)用價值。針對本項目鋼梁特點,結(jié)合我國鋼橋發(fā)展的特點和趨勢,在本項目鋼梁生產(chǎn)制造過程中選取有針對性的板厚、焊接接頭類型的構(gòu)件,對其焊接前、后的狀態(tài)進行測量,并歸納分析。同時采取理論計算的方法計算出同類型鋼板、焊接接頭焊接變形量,與實測數(shù)據(jù)進行對比分析,總結(jié)出其焊接變形趨勢及規(guī)律。同時提出在各個階段如何控制及減少焊接變形,減少矯正工作量,保證焊接質(zhì)量及構(gòu)件幾何精度,為其他工程鋼梁生產(chǎn)提供經(jīng)驗。本文研究的重點有:(1)在生產(chǎn)過程中經(jīng)過大量的數(shù)據(jù)采集,總結(jié)實際生產(chǎn)中的焊接變形趨勢,并進行分析整理,提出一定工藝參數(shù)及焊接環(huán)境下鋼板的焊接變形趨勢。(2)經(jīng)過理論計算,得出鋼板焊接變形量;(3)進行理論計算與試驗數(shù)據(jù)的對比,總結(jié)其異同,并提出各個階段控制及減小焊接變形的措施、方法,以便更好的指導(dǎo)實際生產(chǎn)。在設(shè)計階段采用合理可行的設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn),設(shè)計適當(dāng)?shù)暮缚p,既滿足受力及安全要求,同時又避免過大的焊縫及熔深造成的難以矯正的焊接變形;在制造階段選取科學(xué)合理的焊接工藝參數(shù)和合理的坡口形式,采用恰當(dāng)?shù)暮附禹樞?并采用剛性加固法、預(yù)變形法、機械矯正法、火焰矯正法等措施控制及減小焊接變形。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of steel bridge construction in China, more and more institutions and scholars have put into the research work of welding deformation and published a series of related theories and achievements. However, compared with the development speed of the whole steel bridge construction, there are still some shortcomings in various aspects, which are mainly reflected in the lack of theoretical and practical connection, the emphasis of scientific research units on numerical simulation and theoretical calculation, and the results obtained in the ideal theoretical state. There are many factors that affect welding deformation in actual production. Therefore, there is always a considerable deviation between the success of theoretical research and actual production. However, for each industry, the level of equipment of the enterprise is different, the level of the operator is not uniform, the process tradition has its own emphasis, etc. The prediction and control of welding deformation are mostly estimated by practical experience, and there is no systematic system, so it is not of universal significance. Because steel has the characteristics of high strength, light weight, low carbon environmental protection and so on, more and more steel structures are used in bridge construction, and the strength of steel used in bridge design and metallurgical technology is getting higher and higher with the development of bridge design theory and metallurgical technology. The thicker and thicker the welding method and welding equipment are, the higher the level of steel bridge manufacturing industry is. How to effectively predict and control welding deformation and ensure welding quality and manufacturing accuracy of steel members has always been the focus of attention of researchers. In this paper, the results of welding deformation of high strength and thick steel plate are statistically analyzed and compared with theoretical calculation methods, and a series of technological measures to control welding deformation are put forward. It has high practical significance and certain application value. According to the characteristics of the steel beam of the project, combined with the characteristics and trends of the steel bridge development in our country, in the process of production and manufacture of the steel beam of this project, the members of the plate thickness and welded joint type are selected, and the state of the steel beam before and after welding is measured. And inductive analysis. At the same time, the method of theoretical calculation is adopted to calculate the welding deformation of the same type steel plate and welded joint, and the welding deformation trend and law are summarized by comparing with the measured data. At the same time, how to control and reduce the welding deformation, reduce the workload of correction, ensure the welding quality and geometric accuracy of the components in each stage, and provide experience for other engineering steel beam production. In this paper, the focus of the research is: (1) after a lot of data collection in the production process, the trend of welding deformation in actual production is summarized, and the trend of welding deformation is analyzed and sorted out. The welding deformation trend of steel plate under certain technological parameters and welding environment is put forward. After theoretical calculation, it is concluded that the welding deformation of steel plate is calculated and compared with the experimental data, and the similarities and differences are summarized. The measures of controlling and reducing welding deformation in each stage are put forward, so as to guide the actual production better. The reasonable and feasible design standard is adopted in the design stage, and the proper welding seam is designed, which not only meets the requirements of force and safety, but also avoids the difficult to correct welding deformation caused by excessive weld seam and penetration depth. In the manufacturing stage, scientific and reasonable welding process parameters and rational groove form are selected, proper welding sequence is adopted, rigid reinforcement method, predeformation method, mechanical correction method and flame correction method are adopted to control and reduce welding deformation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石家莊鐵道大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U445.583

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