本文選題：旋切輥 + 破冰機(jī)��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在我國(guó)東北和西北地區(qū),每年都會(huì)有長(zhǎng)達(dá)5~7個(gè)月的降雪期,路面積雪如果不能夠及時(shí)進(jìn)行清除,在人踩車軋和外界環(huán)境溫度的變化下,將會(huì)變成堅(jiān)硬的壓實(shí)冰雪,大大降低路面的摩擦力,給行人日常出行和道路交通運(yùn)輸帶來(lái)巨大安全隱患。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)針對(duì)壓實(shí)冰雪清除機(jī)械大部分都未安裝自動(dòng)越障的避障機(jī)構(gòu),很難適應(yīng)我國(guó)復(fù)雜多變的道路情況。因此,加強(qiáng)對(duì)于具有自動(dòng)避障功能的道路除冰裝置的研究,探索并開發(fā)新的壓實(shí)冰雪清除方案具有十分重要的意義。本文基于壓實(shí)冰雪力學(xué)特性的試驗(yàn)研究,綜合國(guó)內(nèi)外除冰雪機(jī)械的特點(diǎn),對(duì)旋切輥式除冰雪機(jī)理進(jìn)行了理論探討和仿真驗(yàn)證。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:針對(duì)自然狀態(tài)下形成的道路壓實(shí)冰雪進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)研究,探究了抗切強(qiáng)度的大小及其影響因素,并且對(duì)影響清除效果的粘附強(qiáng)度和抗壓強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行分析整理,為旋切輥式除冰裝置的設(shè)計(jì)提供了力學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。對(duì)旋切輥的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì),基于旋切輥式除冰機(jī)理,對(duì)旋切輥轉(zhuǎn)速和破冰機(jī)前進(jìn)速度進(jìn)行了匹配計(jì)算;對(duì)破冰刀齒切削壓實(shí)冰雪過(guò)程進(jìn)行深入研究,分析了壓實(shí)冰雪碎裂式破壞和整體塊狀式斷裂的破壞形式,計(jì)算得到旋切輥在工作過(guò)程中的最大切削力和最大抵抗力矩。根據(jù)所設(shè)計(jì)避障系統(tǒng),對(duì)旋切輥的避障過(guò)程進(jìn)行了分析,重點(diǎn)計(jì)算了該除冰裝置液壓系統(tǒng)的液壓馬達(dá)和液壓缸的相關(guān)參數(shù);利用AMESim仿真平臺(tái)對(duì)該裝置液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行仿真,分析了避障工況下液壓缸和切削工況下液壓馬達(dá)的壓力和流量特性。利用非線性分析程序LS-DYNA對(duì)旋切輥單刀切削過(guò)程進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬,得到了破冰刀齒不同時(shí)刻的應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變?cè)茍D,以及壓實(shí)冰雪內(nèi)部應(yīng)力分布情況;并且根據(jù)得到的切削過(guò)程破冰刀齒的應(yīng)力變化曲線,驗(yàn)證了壓實(shí)冰雪的碎裂式破壞和整體塊狀式斷裂的破壞形態(tài);通過(guò)改變切削仿真過(guò)程中各項(xiàng)參數(shù),探究破冰刀齒應(yīng)力極值和壓實(shí)冰雪內(nèi)部應(yīng)力值與旋切輥轉(zhuǎn)速和除冰裝置前進(jìn)速度之間的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:In the northeast and northwest regions of China, there is a snowfall period of 5 to 7 months each year. If the snow on the road surface cannot be cleared in time, it will become a hard, compacted ice and snow under the changes of human trampling and ambient temperature.Greatly reduces the road friction, brings the huge safety hidden danger to the pedestrian daily trip and the road transportation.At present, most of the clearing machines for compacted ice and snow are not equipped with automatic obstacle avoidance mechanism, so it is difficult to adapt to the complicated and changeable road conditions in our country.Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the research of road deicing device with automatic obstacle avoidance function and to explore and develop a new compacted snow and ice removal scheme.Based on the experimental study of the mechanical properties of compacted ice and snow and the characteristics of the snow and ice removal machinery at home and abroad, the theoretical discussion and simulation of the mechanism of rotary roller removing ice and snow have been carried out in this paper.The main research contents of this paper are as follows: according to the road compaction ice and snow formed under the natural state, the experimental study is carried out, and the magnitude of shear strength and its influencing factors are explored.The adhesion strength and compressive strength which affect the removal effect are analyzed and finished, which provides a mechanical basis for the design of the rotary roller deicing device.The structural parameters of the rotary cutting roller are designed. Based on the deicing mechanism of the rotary cutting roller, the rotation speed of the rotary cutting roll and the advancing speed of the ice breaker are calculated, and the ice and snow compaction process of the ice breaking cutter teeth is deeply studied.The failure modes of compacted ice and snow fragmentation failure and integral block fracture are analyzed, and the maximum cutting force and the maximum resistance moment of the rotary cutting roll are calculated.According to the designed obstacle avoidance system, the obstacle avoidance process of the rotary cutting roller is analyzed, and the parameters of hydraulic motor and cylinder of the hydraulic system of the deicing device are calculated emphatically, and the hydraulic system of the device is simulated by using the AMESim simulation platform.The pressure and flow characteristics of hydraulic cylinder under obstacle avoidance condition and hydraulic motor under cutting condition are analyzed.By using the nonlinear analysis program LS-DYNA, the cutting process of rotary cutting roller is numerically simulated, and the stress and strain cloud diagram at different times and the stress distribution in the compaction ice and snow are obtained.According to the stress change curve of the ice breaking cutter teeth obtained in the cutting process, the fragmentation failure of compacted ice and snow and the failure form of integral block fracture are verified, and the parameters in the cutting simulation process are changed.The relationship between the stress extremum of the ice breaker teeth and the internal stress value of the compacted ice and snow with the rotation speed of the rotary cutting roll and the speed of the deicing device is investigated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U418.326

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