本文選題：公交車(chē)　切入點(diǎn)：全尺寸實(shí)驗(yàn)　出處：《北京建筑大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)我國(guó)公交車(chē)火災(zāi)事件頻發(fā),對(duì)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和安全造成了極大的危害,因此對(duì)公交車(chē)火災(zāi)滅火進(jìn)行研究十分必要。論文開(kāi)展了對(duì)公交車(chē)火災(zāi)細(xì)水霧滅火的實(shí)驗(yàn)與模擬研究。理論分析了公交車(chē)火災(zāi)及滅火后煙氣毒性的加權(quán)評(píng)價(jià)模型�；馂�(zāi)滅火實(shí)驗(yàn)在實(shí)體公交車(chē)內(nèi)進(jìn)行,在車(chē)廂內(nèi)安裝細(xì)水霧滅火系統(tǒng),火災(zāi)采用油盤(pán)汽油火,進(jìn)行了四種工況的火災(zāi)滅火實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了公交車(chē)內(nèi)細(xì)水霧滅火系統(tǒng)的滅火性能、火災(zāi)及滅火后車(chē)廂內(nèi)溫度分布、煙氣毒性等問(wèn)題。模擬研究了車(chē)廂內(nèi)火災(zāi)及滅火后煙氣流動(dòng)的規(guī)律,具體分析了車(chē)窗不同開(kāi)啟位置、門(mén)窗開(kāi)啟時(shí)間和火源位置分別對(duì)車(chē)廂內(nèi)溫度、能見(jiàn)度和煙氣流動(dòng)的影響。通過(guò)分析公交車(chē)火災(zāi)的特點(diǎn)、火災(zāi)及滅火后煙氣對(duì)人體的危害,分析比較了煙氣毒性的FED模型和N-Gas模型兩種加權(quán)評(píng)價(jià)模型。四種不同工況的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究得到滅火時(shí)間最短為4s,最長(zhǎng)為9s。溫度最高點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)在火源上方,最高溫度為380℃,公交車(chē)頂部最高溫度達(dá)到了230℃,中部最高溫度達(dá)到了155℃,底部最高溫度達(dá)到了65℃。O2最低含量降至17.9%,CO2最高含量達(dá)到了2.2%,CO最高濃度達(dá)到了424ppm,SO2最高濃度達(dá)到了45ppm,氮氧化物中只有NO,最高濃度為12ppm,碳?xì)浠衔锏淖罡邼舛冗_(dá)到了373ppm。應(yīng)用FED模型對(duì)CO進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)算結(jié)果為0.024,在安全值0.1以?xún)?nèi)。應(yīng)用N-Gas模型對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)煙氣進(jìn)行綜合分析,計(jì)算值最大為0.2,小于安全值0.8。實(shí)驗(yàn)中的溫度和煙氣的毒性不會(huì)對(duì)車(chē)上人員造成生命危險(xiǎn)。模擬研究發(fā)現(xiàn)車(chē)窗開(kāi)啟位置的不同對(duì)車(chē)廂內(nèi)的能見(jiàn)度和煙氣流動(dòng)都有影響。車(chē)窗開(kāi)啟的區(qū)域煙氣向外蔓延的較快,能見(jiàn)度較高。開(kāi)啟所有車(chē)窗的情況下,煙氣排出外界的速度最快,開(kāi)啟滅火系統(tǒng)25s后車(chē)內(nèi)能見(jiàn)度恢復(fù)到安全水平5m以上。門(mén)窗開(kāi)啟時(shí)間的不同對(duì)車(chē)廂內(nèi)的溫度和煙氣流動(dòng)都有影響。門(mén)窗開(kāi)啟的越早車(chē)內(nèi)所達(dá)到的最高溫度越大,但是越有利于煙氣向外界排放�；馂�(zāi)的位置對(duì)車(chē)廂內(nèi)的溫度、能見(jiàn)度和煙氣流動(dòng)都有影響。火源附近的溫度在發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)會(huì)迅速升高,所達(dá)到的最高溫度也最大,火源頂部最高溫度達(dá)到了150℃。能見(jiàn)度下降最快,最低降至1.5m,煙氣濃度也最高。建議當(dāng)公交車(chē)內(nèi)發(fā)生火災(zāi)后應(yīng)保證車(chē)窗關(guān)閉,人員立即遠(yuǎn)離火源并從車(chē)門(mén)逃生,待滅火結(jié)束后立即開(kāi)啟全部車(chē)窗。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the frequent fire incidents of buses in China have caused great harm to social stability and safety. Therefore, it is necessary to study the fire extinguishing of the bus. The experiment and simulation of the fire extinguishing with water mist are carried out in this paper. The weighted evaluation model of the fire and smoke toxicity after the fire is analyzed theoretically. The fire extinguishing experiment was carried out in a real bus. The water mist fire extinguishing system was installed in the car, and the oil pan gasoline fire was used in the fire. Four fire extinguishing experiments were carried out. The fire extinguishing performance of the water mist fire extinguishing system in the bus, the temperature distribution in the car after the fire and the fire extinguishing were studied. This paper simulates and studies the rule of smoke flow after the fire and fire extinguishing in the car, and analyzes the different opening positions of the window, the opening time of the window and the location of the fire source respectively to the temperature inside the car. The effects of visibility and smoke flow. By analyzing the characteristics of bus fires, the hazards to human health caused by fire and smoke after extinguishing are analyzed. Two weighted evaluation models of smoke toxicity, FED model and N-Gas model, were analyzed and compared. The shortest fire extinguishing time was 4 s and the longest was 9 s. The highest temperature appeared above the fire source and the highest temperature was 380 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1646973