本文選題：公交專用道　切入點：尾氣排放模型　出處：《北京交通大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：為緩解城市交通擁堵和減少機動車能耗及排放,我國很多城市陸續(xù)規(guī)劃與建設公交專用道。然而,目前對于公交專用道設置后的影響分析大多是從客運量、準點率、運行速度和通行能力等角度出發(fā)。從機動車能耗和排放角度研究和評價公交專用道設置的相關研究較少。 本文通過研究公交專用道的發(fā)展和機動車尾氣排放模型,建立公交專用道的設置對機動車油耗和尾氣排放的量化方法,從交通環(huán)境角度評價公交專用道的設置。為實現上述目標,本文首先分析了公交專用道對排放的影響因素和影響機理；利用臺架測試法和車載尾氣檢測法(PEMS)采集公交車和社會車的排放數據,同時使用手持式GPS收集公交車和社會車的行駛工況數據；然后,結合基于機動車比功率(VSP)建立的尾氣排放模型和采集獲取的排放數據和工況數據,建立機動車排放率數據庫和工況分布數據庫；最后,根據已建立的機動車排放率數據庫和工況分布數據庫,分析京通快速路設置公交專用道前后公交車和社會車的油耗和尾氣排放。案例分析結果表明,京通快速路公交專用道開通后與開通前相比,開通后公交車和社會車晚高峰各污染物單位時間的排放率均出現少量增加：公交車早晚高峰各污染物和社會車晚高峰各污染物單位距離的排放因子均減少；公交車早晚高峰部分污染物的排放量和社會車早晚高峰各污染物的排放量均減少；除PM外,公交車和社會車早晚高峰各污染物的排放強度均下降。整體而言,公交專用道實施后路段油耗、CO2、CO、HC、NOx排放分別下降了25.16%、25.21%、26.02%、25.22%和18.83%。
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate urban traffic congestion and reduce motor vehicle energy consumption and emissions, many cities in our country plan and construct bus lanes one after another. However, at present, the impact analysis of bus lanes after setting up is mostly based on passenger traffic volume, punctuality rate, etc. From the point of view of running speed and traffic capacity, there is little research on the evaluation of bus lanes from the angle of vehicle energy consumption and emission. In this paper, by studying the development of bus lanes and vehicle exhaust emission model, the method of quantifying vehicle fuel consumption and exhaust emission by setting up bus lanes is established. In order to achieve the above goal, this paper first analyzes the influence factors and mechanism of the public transport lanes on emissions from the point of view of traffic environment. The emission data of buses and social vehicles are collected by means of bench test method and vehicle exhaust detection method, and the driving condition data of buses and social vehicles are collected by hand-held GPS. Combined with the exhaust emission model based on vehicle specific power and the collected emission data and working condition data, the vehicle emission rate database and the working condition distribution database are established. According to the established database of vehicle emission rate and the database of working condition distribution, the fuel consumption and exhaust emission of buses and social vehicles before and after the setting up of bus lanes on Jingtong Expressway are analyzed. The results of case study show that, After the opening of the Beijing-Tongtong Expressway bus exclusive Road, compared with before the opening, After opening, the emission rate of each pollutant per unit time of the evening peak of bus and social vehicle increased slightly: the emission factors of each pollutant per unit distance of the morning and evening peak of bus and social vehicle decreased; The emissions of some pollutants in the morning and evening peak of buses and the emissions of the pollutants in the morning and evening peaks of social vehicles decreased, except PM, the emission intensity of the pollutants in the morning and evening peak of buses and social vehicles decreased. After the implementation of the bus lane, the emission of CO _ 2CO _ 2CO _ (2) HCN _ (no _ x) decreased 25.16% and 25.21%, 25.22% and 18.833%, respectively.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.17;X734.2

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本文編號：1631223