本文選題：橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)健康評(píng)估　切入點(diǎn)：靜載試驗(yàn)　出處：《北京理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：公路交通是交通運(yùn)輸事業(yè)重要的組成部分，而公路橋梁又是公路交通的重要組成部分，發(fā)揮著重要的作用。橋梁在運(yùn)營(yíng)期間，因受自然災(zāi)害而損傷，或使用荷載不當(dāng)，將導(dǎo)致橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)安全與耐久性降低，甚至出現(xiàn)橋毀人亡的事故，因此橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)健康的評(píng)估是至關(guān)重要的，可以為橋梁的養(yǎng)護(hù)、改建或限載提供意見。 荷載試驗(yàn)是橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)健康檢測(cè)的重要檢測(cè)手段，其就是直接在橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)上進(jìn)行加載試驗(yàn)，并通過與理論計(jì)算值相比較判斷橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的使用性能和實(shí)際運(yùn)營(yíng)狀態(tài)，其中橋梁的荷載試驗(yàn)可以分為靜載試驗(yàn)與動(dòng)載試驗(yàn)。而其中靜載試驗(yàn)又是使用最多、最常見的檢測(cè)手段。目前，靜載試驗(yàn)多以人工讀取采集數(shù)據(jù)再匯總的方法，并且根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)健康進(jìn)行評(píng)估，存在費(fèi)時(shí)、費(fèi)力、效率低、評(píng)估不準(zhǔn)的缺點(diǎn)�；诖�，本文以廣州機(jī)場(chǎng)高速蚌湖大橋的靜載試驗(yàn)為背景進(jìn)行橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)健康評(píng)估方法的研究。 1.首先實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于橋梁靜載試驗(yàn)的無線數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)，并根據(jù)靜載試驗(yàn)的要求進(jìn)行需求分析確定數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)軟件所需要完成的功能及軟件的基本流程。 2.在數(shù)據(jù)采集過程中由于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)采集環(huán)境的惡劣性，干擾比較大。針對(duì)振弦式應(yīng)變傳感器采集的應(yīng)變數(shù)據(jù)采用了卡爾曼濾波，處理后使數(shù)據(jù)更接近真實(shí)值，，同時(shí)使測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)跳動(dòng)的幅值比較小，更符合靜載試驗(yàn)的要求。 3.提出了基于模糊綜合評(píng)判的層次分析法與主成分分析法相結(jié)合的評(píng)價(jià)體系，通過基于模糊綜合評(píng)判的層次分析法對(duì)橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)健康從整體上進(jìn)行評(píng)估，然后再利用主成分分析法對(duì)靜載試驗(yàn)中所檢測(cè)的橋梁構(gòu)件的健康狀況進(jìn)行評(píng)估，并且可以按照損傷程度的大小進(jìn)行排序，為橋梁的維修加固提供重要依據(jù)。 4.對(duì)蚌湖大橋的靜載試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行分析、處理和評(píng)估，結(jié)果表明了本文提出方法的有效性。 最后基于C#實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于靜載試驗(yàn)的橋梁評(píng)估系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)，該系統(tǒng)具有良好的用戶體驗(yàn)，符合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)對(duì)橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)靜載試驗(yàn)及橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)健康評(píng)估的要求。
[Abstract]:The highway transportation is an important part of transportation, the highway bridge is an important part of highway traffic, the bridge plays an important role. During the operation, and the damage due to natural disasters, or improper use of load, will cause the bridge structure safety and durability is reduced, and even the bridge crash accident. So the evaluation of bridge structure health is crucial, for bridge maintenance, alteration or load limit for comments.
Load test is an important means of detection and health monitoring of bridge, the bridge structure is directly in the loading test, and with the theoretical value and actual operation state is judged by comparing the operational performance of the bridge structure, the bridge load test can be divided into static load test and dynamic load test and static load test again. The most widely used, the most common means of detection. At present, the static load test on artificial data and summary, and according to the experience of the bridge structural health assessment, are time-consuming, laborious, low efficiency, no assessment of shortcomings. Based on this, this paper studies the static load test for health assessment the method of bridge structure of Guangzhou Airport Expressway mussels Lake Bridge.
1., the wireless data acquisition system based on static load test of bridge is first implemented. According to the requirement of static load test, demand analysis is carried out to determine the function and software basic process of the data acquisition system software.
2. in the process of data collection of field data because of the bad environment, interference is relatively large. According to the strain data acquisition of vibration wire strain sensor using the Calman filter, after processing the data closer to the real value, at the same time, the test data of the beat amplitude is relatively small, more in line with the static test requirements.
3. proposed the combination of AHP fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and principal component analysis based on the evaluation system, through the analytic hierarchy process based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of bridge structure health from the overall evaluation, and then use principal component analysis of the health status of bridge static load test in the test method of assessment, and can be sorted according to the damage degree, provide an important basis for bridge reinforcement maintenance.
4. the static load test of the Benghu bridge is analyzed, treated and evaluated. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Finally, the software design of bridge evaluation system based on static load test is implemented based on C#. The system has good user experience, and meets the requirements of site for bridge structure static load test and bridge structure health assessment.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U446;TP274.2

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