本文選題：公路景觀　切入點：空間圍合度　出處：《北京工業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：公路景觀既可以增加公路安全性和舒適性,也可以保護生態(tài)環(huán)境。但目前對于公路景觀的研究大多局限于靜態(tài)描述、主觀評價、表象研究,對駕駛?cè)伺c公路景觀的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系認識不夠,導致景觀公路冗長或景觀圍合形式單一等問題,構(gòu)成駕駛安全隱患�；诖吮尘跋�,論文從駕駛?cè)诵纳硖卣鞯慕嵌瘸霭l(fā),以交通工程心理學、公路景觀學等理論為指導,駕駛模擬艙和心電儀為支撐,室內(nèi)模擬駕駛實驗與室外駕駛驗證實驗相結(jié)合,研究公路景觀圍合度對駕駛特征的影響機理。論文主要對以下四項內(nèi)容進行研究:第一、公路景觀圍合度的歸類研究。根據(jù)空間圍合度量值D/H對公路空間形態(tài)進行劃分,并用主觀感知的視野開闊程度驗證分類方式的準確性,提出景觀空間圍合度劃分為三類,即開放、半開放和封閉的圍合形式。第二、基于公路景觀圍合度的駕駛特征研究。遴選30名實驗者開展不同景觀圍合度下的模擬駕駛實驗。采集實驗者心電指標與車輛運行指標,進行駕駛特征差異性分析與指標提取。實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)開放和封閉場景的駕駛特征有顯著性差異,特征指標提取為LD與LF/HF。第三、不同景觀圍合度的公路長度閾值研究。以駕駛?cè)嗽陂L直公路上行駛的案例作為應(yīng)用,研究駕駛?cè)诵碾娭笜薒F/HF隨公路長度的變化規(guī)律,建立基于LF/HF的公路長度三次擬合多項式模型,并通過函數(shù)求導法推算不同景觀圍合度下的公路長度理論閾值。通過壓力測試問卷評估公路長度的期望閾值,校驗?zāi)Ｐ偷木雀哂?0%,證實結(jié)論的可靠性。第四、模擬駕駛實驗有效性研究。開展實地駕駛驗證實驗,選取并采集精度較高的心電指標HR與LF/HF作為評價指標。對比分析室內(nèi)外評價指標的相關(guān)性及趨勢變化的一致性,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)室內(nèi)外評價指標相關(guān)度高且一致性強,證實室內(nèi)模擬實驗數(shù)據(jù)有效性。同時基于特征指標LF/HF計算公路長度實際閾值,并用公路長度理論閾值對實際閾值進行校驗,發(fā)現(xiàn)模型精度介于82%~99%之間,證實閾值的可靠性。論文成果可為公路景觀的靈活設(shè)計和人性化設(shè)計實踐提供初步理論參考。
[Abstract]:The highway landscape can increase road safety and comfort, but also can protect the ecological environment. But the research for the study of the highway landscape is mostly confined to the static description, subjective evaluation, appearance, internal relations of the driver and the highway landscape cognition is not enough, resulting in landscape road landscape Wai long or single form, constitute driving safety. Based on this background, this paper from the perspective of people driving physiological characteristics, the traffic engineering psychology, highway landscape theory for guidance, driving simulator and ECG as the support, driving verification experiment combined indoor and outdoor simulation driving experiment, research on highway landscape effect degree on the driving characteristics of the mechanism. This paper mainly researches on the following four aspects: first, the study of the classification of the highway landscape enclosure. According to the enclosed space measure D/H on highway spatial form planning Points, and verify the accuracy of classification using the subjective perception of vision, proposed enclosure landscape space division into three categories, namely open, semi open and closed the enclosed form. Second, research on the driving characteristics of highway landscape based on the enclosure. The driving simulation test selection 30 participants carried out under different landscape enclosure the experimenter. Acquisition ECG indices and vehicle operation indicators, driving analysis and index characteristics of differential extraction. The experimental results showed that the driving characteristics of open and closed scenes have significant difference, characteristic index extraction LD and LF/HF. third, on the road length threshold of different landscape enclosure. To the driver driving in the long straight road on the case as an application, the research of driver's ECG index LF/HF changes with the length of the road, a road length of three times the polynomial model based on LF/HF, and through the function derivative method Calculation of different landscape Wai Road length theory. Through the threshold degree under the pressure test questionnaire were used to evaluate the desired threshold road length, check the accuracy of the model is higher than 90%, reliability confirmed the conclusion. Fourth, the driving simulation test is effective to carry out field research. Driving experiments, HR and LF/HF ECG indicators selected as evaluation and acquisition of high precision consistency index. Correlation and trend index comparative analysis of the evaluation results of indoor and outdoor, indoor and outdoor evaluation indexes of high and strong consistency, confirmed the effectiveness of indoor simulation experiment data. At the same time based on the characteristics of LF/HF index calculation of highway actual length threshold, and the actual threshold check by road length threshold theory, found the accuracy of the model is 82%~99%, confirmed the threshold reliability. The results of this paper will provide flexible design and humanized design practice of highway landscape at the beginning Step theory reference.

【學位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.254
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本文編號：1584954