發(fā)布時間：2018-03-05 15:05

  本文選題：元胞自動機　切入點：行人流仿真　出處：《北京交通大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國全面建設(shè)小康社會工作的不斷推進,居民生活質(zhì)量和生活水平不斷提高,與此同時,居民出行規(guī)模更大、頻率更高。大規(guī)模的出行對各類行人聚集場所如體育館、交通樞紐、購物中心、超市等需求更大、安全要求更高。步行設(shè)施即行人出行聚集場所具有建設(shè)周期長,空間結(jié)構(gòu)布局復雜、行人流量大,行人緊急疏散難度大等特點。步行設(shè)施內(nèi)障礙物的布局對行人在正�；蚓o急情況下的疏散具有重要影響。障礙物通過影響行人疏散時間、疏散路徑、移動距離、行人聚集點等,從而影響行人疏散的便捷性與安全性。通過研究步行設(shè)施內(nèi)障礙物空間布局特征,分析障礙物影響下的行人疏散特征理論與方法,對行人安全疏散具有重要的指導作用。本文以大型步行設(shè)施內(nèi)障礙物布局特征和行人疏散為研究對象,從宏觀與微觀兩個層面,采用定性與定量相結(jié)合的方法研究障礙物對行人疏散的影響。主要包括以下內(nèi)容:首先,從宏觀層面,分析研究大型步行設(shè)施障礙物布局特征,根據(jù)空間是否能被行人利用,將其分為障礙物空間與疏散空間,確定疏散空間移動瓶頸;基于移動瓶頸對疏散空間的劃分,構(gòu)建行人疏散空間網(wǎng)絡(luò),將步行設(shè)施轉(zhuǎn)化為疏散移動網(wǎng)絡(luò);基于移動距離最短的疏散路徑策略,構(gòu)造行人疏散樹;基于疏散樹節(jié)點與層的概念以及其隸屬關(guān)系,從疏散空間面積、行人移動距離、移動瓶頸、障礙物布局不平衡系數(shù)四個角度提出評價步行設(shè)施內(nèi)障礙物下的疏散特征指標。其次,基于元胞自動機理論,通過微觀仿真研究障礙物影響下的行人疏散特征�？紤]障礙物對行人疏散全周期的影響,改進動態(tài)參數(shù)模型,引入障礙物阻滯系數(shù),更新靜態(tài)領(lǐng)域參數(shù)模型的計算方法和更新規(guī)則;仿真分析障礙物對行人疏散過程中的阻滯系數(shù)、疏散路徑、疏散時間等影響;確定阻滯系數(shù)的影響因子,并分析不同行人密度下障礙物的影響作用大小。最后,以北京西紅門薈聚中心為例分析驗證文章的步行設(shè)施疏散特征指標體系。通過計算該購物中心的各項疏散特征指標,分析障礙物對行人疏散過程的影響,評價該購物中心疏散特征,并針對各項指標,提出該購物中心障礙物空間布局的完善措施。
[Abstract]:With the comprehensive construction of a well-off society to work steadily, the quality of life and living standards of the people improve constantly, at the same time, residents of larger, higher frequency. The large-scale travel to various types of pedestrian gathering places such as stadiums, transportation hubs, shopping malls, supermarkets and a greater demand for higher security requirements. Walking facilities pedestrian travel gathering places has long construction period, complex space structure, pedestrian traffic, pedestrian evacuation difficult obstacle. Walking facilities layout has an important influence on the pedestrian in the normal or emergency evacuation. The obstacle by influencing the evacuation time and evacuation route, moving distance, pedestrian point so, thus affecting the convenience and safety of pedestrian evacuation. Through the research of walking facilities barrier feature space layout, analysis of pedestrian barriers under the influence of the evacuation. The theory and method of syndrome, which has an important guiding effect on pedestrian safety evacuation. The large obstacle walking facilities layout features and pedestrian evacuation as the research object, from the macro and micro two aspects, influenced by the combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods of obstacles on pedestrian evacuation. Mainly includes the following content: first and from the macro level, the analysis of large pedestrian facilities layout features obstacles, according to whether it can be used for pedestrian space, will be divided into the obstacle space and the evacuation space, determine the evacuation space moving bottleneck; mobile division of the bottle neck of the evacuation space based on the construction of pedestrian evacuation space network, will walk into the mobile network evacuation facilities the evacuation of the shortest path strategy; moving distance based on the construction of pedestrian evacuation and evacuation concept tree; tree node layer and the relationship between the membership based, from the evacuation space area, pedestrian movement Distance, moving bottleneck, obstacle layout imbalance four angle feature index coefficient was put forward to evacuation of walking facilities under the obstacle. Secondly, based on the theory of cellular automaton, the influence of pedestrian obstacle on microscopic simulation under evacuation characteristics. Considering the influence of obstacles on pedestrian evacuation of the whole cycle, improved dynamic parameter model. The introduction of obstacles block coefficient, calculation method and update rules to update the static field parameter model; simulation analysis of obstacle evacuation path of pedestrian evacuation block coefficient, in the process of evacuation time; determine the impact factor of retardation factor, and analyze the influence of obstacles of different pedestrian densities. Finally, in Beijing, Xihongmen iicg center as an example analysis proves the pedestrian facilities evacuation characteristic index system. Through the calculation of the shopping center evacuation characteristic index, analysis of obstacles The influence of the pedestrian evacuation process, evaluation of the shopping center evacuation characteristics, and aiming at various indicators, proposed the shopping center obstacle space layout improvement measures.

【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491.226

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 岳昊;王帥;張磊;邵春福;;行人步行設(shè)施緊急疏散出口設(shè)置方法[J];北京交通大學學報;2014年06期

2 岳昊;張濱雅;邵春福;邢燕;;Exit selection strategy in pedestrian evacuation simulation with multi-exits[J];Chinese Physics B;2014年05期

3 岳昊;邵春福;關(guān)宏志;崔迪;;大型行人步行設(shè)施緊急疏散標志設(shè)置[J];北京工業(yè)大學學報;2013年06期

4 岳昊;張旭;陳剛;邵春福;;初始位置布局不平衡的疏散行人流仿真研究[J];物理學報;2012年13期

5 劉棟棟;趙斌;李磊;張蕊;趙東拂;曾杰;蔣方;;北京南站行人特征參數(shù)的調(diào)查與分析[J];建筑科學;2011年05期

6 朱孔金;楊立中;;房間出口位置及內(nèi)部布局對疏散效率的影響研究[J];物理學報;2010年11期

7 張軍英;譚澤陽;;國家體育場安全疏散設(shè)計[J];建筑學報;2009年09期

8 岳昊;邵春福;姚智勝;;基于元胞自動機的行人疏散流仿真研究[J];物理學報;2009年07期

9 賈嘉陵;李強;郭愛東;劉寶東;;地鐵區(qū)間隧道的緊急安全疏散標志系統(tǒng)[J];都市快軌交通;2006年05期

10 陳然,董力耘;中國大都市行人交通特征的實測和初步分析[J];上海大學學報(自然科學版);2005年01期

相關(guān)博士學位論文 前3條

1 朱諾;基于視頻檢測和元胞自動機的人群疏散機理研究[D];北京交通大學;2012年

2 李得偉;城市軌道交通樞紐乘客集散模型及微觀仿真理論[D];北京交通大學;2007年

3 史建港;大型活動行人交通特性研究[D];北京工業(yè)大學;2007年

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前2條

1 王帥;視線受影響的行人疏散和步行設(shè)施安全出口設(shè)置研究[D];北京交通大學;2016年

2 邱冰;樓房內(nèi)人員逃生流的自動機模擬研究[D];廣西師范大學;2004年

，

本文編號：1570740